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科技翻譯使用括號舉隅
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科技英語長句的從句、短語一般比較長,給翻譯帶來了不少麻煩。主要的問題在于這些從句、短語在譯文中的位置不好放。如果將它們放在有關詞語的前面,會使譯文佶屈聱牙,晦澀難懂;放在后面,又感到句子拖沓,結構松散。碰到這種情況,我們不妨采用"括號翻譯法",即將難以處理的從句(或短與等)譯于有關詞語后,并加上括號。例如: This is because power plants, some industrial processes, vehicles and homes emit sulphur and nitrogen compounds, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, and have greatly increased the amount of them in the environment. 譯文一:這是因為,發電廠、某些工業生產過程、車輛和家庭所排放的主要由于燃燒礦物燃料產生的硫化物和氮化物,使環境中這類化合物的含量大大增加。 譯文二:這是因為,發電廠、某些工業生產過程、車輛和家庭所排放的;硫化物和氮化物,這些主要是由于燃燒礦物燃料生產的,使環境中這類化合物的含量大大增加。 "譯文一"是將作定語的介詞短語mainly…fuels譯作(前置)定語;"譯文二"是將它譯于"硫化物和氮化物"的后面。前者定語過于臃腫,不堪卒讀;后者結構松散,"這些……產生的"打破了句子的;連貫性。如果我們加括號來翻譯,就不會這樣了。即: 這是因為,發電廠、某些工業生產過程、車輛和家庭排放硫化物和氮化物(主要是由于燃燒礦物燃料產生的),使環境中這些化合物的含量大大增加。 譯文不但結構緊湊,而且一目了然。 在科技英語中,常見的譯入括號的句子成分有哪些?本文擬就此問題舉例說明如下: 一、定語 1.定語從句 This remains to be established in studies of these chemically modified cotton celluloses in which the amine content is varied over a wide range for each type of composition.這將流待在研究各種化學改性的棉纖維素(每一種的胺含量都有很大變化)時予以確證。 If the soil sample contains an insignificant portion of particals smaller than 0.074mm, as is often the case with cohesion less soils and disintegrated rocks, the hydrometer 0.074 analysis can be omitted.如果土壤樣本中小于0。074毫米的顆粒部分微不足道(無內聚力的土壤和松散的巖石通常就是這種情況),就可以進行比重計分析。 2.介詞短語 Thus it was possible for us to see how the well-known basic laws controlling all kinds of fluid motion, from ocean currents to water in pipes, had to be adapted to satisfy the ways of the atmosphere. 因此,我們便可能了解那些支配各種流體運動(從大洋的水流到管中的水)的著名定律怎樣一定適合于說明大氣活動的各種方式。 3.分詞短語 Her schedule has brought her almost every honor in running, including eight U.S. records at varying lengths, and a legitimate claim of being the greatest female runner in history.她的成績表(含八項不同賽程的美國記錄)給她帶來了跑步方面的幾乎的榮譽,從而使她成為有史以來當之無愧的最杰出的女子賽跑運動員。 二、 同位語 譯入括號的同位語大多系非限制性同位語。 Gasoline fires should be smothered with sand or with chemicals of some kind, such as those used in some fire extinguishers. 汽油著火應當用沙子或某些化學藥品(如某些滅火器中使用的化學藥品)來撲滅。 The biosphere, the sphere of life, is probably not so familiar to us as the three physical zones. 我們對生物圈(即生命圈)可能不象對前三個自然帶那樣熟悉。 有時,除同位語外,尚含其他成分。如: I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch-hay fever, I fancy it was. 記得有一天我去大英博物館,專門去查閱我曾患的小毛病(我想是苦草病)的治療方法。 三、狀語 狀語從句(可以是條件、讓步、方式及時間等狀語從句) On some days the air contains almost, if not quite, as much water vapour as it can hold .有時侯,空氣含差不多(如果不是全部的話)它所能容納的那么多水蒸汽。(也有將這種狀語稱作插入語的) Vehicles are usually driven through the agency of the friction between the wheel and the fixed surface, be it rail or road. 車輛通常是通過輪子和固定表面(無論是軌跡還是公路)之間的摩擦作用而行駛的。 And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing on the trees, just as things grow in fast movies, I had that familiar conviction that life was beginning over again with the summer. 于是,由于陽光明媚,由于樹上的枝葉生長茂盛(猶如快速電影鏡頭中萬物的生長一樣),我領悟出那種所習知的信念:隨著夏日的來臨,生活重又開始了。 As there are 100 of these power surges every second when an A. G. supply with a frequency of 50 e/s used, they are, in fact, too rapid for us to notice. 因為每分鐘有100個這種功率波峰(當使用50周/秒頻率的交流電源時),所以事實上快得使我們不能覺察。 四、插入語 1.前后有破折號的插入語 Even the simplest operation-the removal of a single joint of a finger, the lancing of an abscess-would prove fatal. 就連最簡單的手術(切除一個手指關節,刺破一個膿瘡)結果也可能是致命的。 2.前后有逗號的插入語 If the tickets are $2.00 each, you cold make a table, as illustrated in Table I, to compare the number of tickets sold and the amount of money that should be collected. 如果每張票售價兩元,你可列一個表(如表I所示),將售出的票數和應當收得的錢數相對照。 但我們要注意的是,過多地運用擴號翻譯也不好。不用擴號能譯得通順的,擴號還是不用為好,因為它多少影響到句子的通順。同時我們應當看到,括號翻譯多用于句子的修飾、附加及補充成分,而基本成分(即主語、謂語、賓語和表語等)一般不用擴號。
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