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Episode 在醫學中的翻譯
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Episode 一詞在醫學中用得相當頻繁。但它在一般字典上的釋義卻是：產?（文藝作品中的）一段情節；（幾部曲中的）一部曲，插曲；?（一系列事件中的）一個事件。雖然，這些詞義都與醫學沒有什么聯系。考察episode 在醫學文章中的用法，可以確定它的基本詞義是attack, onset(發作)。但在翻譯成漢語時，則可能有多種表達法。現歸納如下：
一、在心臟病、神經病、癲癇等陣發性疾病中，常譯為"發作"
1、Although, by definition, no patient presented an acute episode of collapse, three patients had a sudden acute exacerbation of symptoms during the course of their illness. 根據定義，雖然沒有一個病人出現虛脫急性發作，但有三人在生病期間，癥狀突然急性惡化。
2、The episodes of bigeminy and ventricular tachycardia were sorted in descending order so that 10 longest episodes were always reviewed. 室性二聯律和室性心動過速發作以遞降順序分類，所以總是要觀察十次最長的發作。
二、譯成"發病"、"發生"、"復發"
1、Episodes of low cardiac output which were accompanied by significant increases in PAP/AOP ratio occurred in 20 patients and were managed by alteration and/or administration of pulmonary vasodilators.
在二十個患有低心輸出血量發病的患者中，伴有肺動脈和主動脈壓比率明顯增加，其處理方法是改善通氣和、或給以肺血管擴張劑。
2、The other two patients died of other serious concurrent illness after showing sings of recovering their embolic episode.其余兩個病人在栓塞發生后的恢復期，由于其他嚴重并發展發癥而死亡。
三、與數詞連用，常譯成"……次""發作……次"
1、About five episodes of nausea and vomiting were associated with this pain. 隨疼痛出現了大約五次惡心和嘔吐。
2、We have summarized our follow-up information on patients with variant angina. We observed five episodes of cardiac arrest in a total of 23 patients with proven coronary spasm. 我們已總結了隨訪變異性心絞痛病人的資料。在總共23例經證明為冠脈經痙攣病人中，我們觀察到五次心跳驟停。
四、有時可省略不譯
1、Did he come out of this episode of unconsciousness? 他蘇醒過來了嗎？
2、However, in cases that had episodes of increased PAP/AOP ratio, the mean duration of function was increased to five days, and this was almost certainl related to the use of continuous tolazoline infusion through the catheter. 然而，在患有增加肺動脈壓和主動脈壓比率的病例中，平均效用時間增加到五天，這幾乎肯定與通過導管繼續輸入抗腎上腺素有關。
五、有時還可譯成"現象"、"情況"
However, in our experience some patients, in whom a high pulmonary vascular resistance was successfully lowered by the above measures, have had episodes of increased pulmonary vascular resistance post-operatively accompanied by clinical deterioration, which in some cases was extremely rapid. 然而，根據我們的經驗，通過上述措施，某些病人的肺血管阻力成功地降低了，但術后由于臨床惡化并在某些病例中發展很快，所以仍有肺血管阻力增高的現象。
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