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deisgn(CAD) ¦³¹Ø©R³]p design for finite life ²Ö¿n¯h³Ò·l¶Ëì²z theory of cumulative damage in fatique Àu¤Æ³]p optimum deisgn ¨T¨®¤Ø¤o±±¨î¹Ï sketch on layout ofr dimenshion's control of assembly ¨T¨®Á`¸Ë°t¹Ï automobile assembly drawing ¨T¨®Á`¥¬¸m¯ó¹Ï sketch for automobile layout ¨T¨®³]pªº§Þ³N¸gÀÙ¤ÀªR technical -economic analysis in automobile design ³]p¥ô°È®Ñ design assignment ¨t¦C¤Æ¡B³q¥Î¤Æ¡B¼Ð·Ç¤Æ seriation ,universalization and standardization Á`¥¬¸m³]p calculation for layout ¹B°Ê®Õ®Ö correction of motion °¼µø½ü¹ø side outline «eµø½ü¹ø end outline ³»µø½ü¹ø plan outline ¨®ªø vehicle length ¨®¼e vehicle width ¨®°ª vehicle height ¶b¶Z wheel base ½ü¶Z track «e½ü¶Z track front ¦Z½ü¶Z track rear ÂùL¶¡¶Z space between twin wheels «eÄa front overhang ¦ZÄa rear overhang Â÷¦a¶¡»Ø ground clearance Áa¦V³q¹L¨¤ ramp angle ±µªñ¨¤ approach angle Â÷¥X¨¤ departure angle ¨®¬[°ª«× height of chassis above ground ¾r¾p«Ç¦Z¨®¬[³Ì¤j¥i¥Îªø«× maximum usable length of chassis behind cab ¨®¨ªø«× body work length 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towing vehicle ¥b±¾¨®¶¡»Ø¥b®| rear tractor clearance radius of semi-trailer ¥b±¾¨®«e¦^Âà¥b®| front fitting radius of semi trailer ¨®½ü««ª½¦æµ{ vertical clearance of wheel ¨®½ü´£¤É°ª«× lift of wheel ÂàÅs¥b®| turning circle ÀR¤î¥b®| static radius ¸I¼² collision (crash,impact) ¥¿¸I¼² frontal collision (frontal impact) °¼¸I¼² side collision (side impact) ¦Z¸I¼² rear collision (rear impact) À¿¸I¼² sidewipe collision ¸I¼²¤è¦V collision direction ¸I¼²¨¤«× collision angle ¶É±×ªº oblique(tilt) ¦¨¨¤«×ªº angled Áa¦Vªº longitudinal ««ª½ªº perpendicular ¹ï¤¤ centered °¾¸m offset «Å| overlap ¸I¼²¶b½u±Æ¦C collision axis alignment ¯Â¥¿¼² pure frontal impact ¸I¼²¦ì¸m impact location ¸I¼²¨¤«× impact angle ¥Dn¤O principal force ¥Dn¤O¤è¦V direction of principal force(PDOF) ¥æ³q¨Æ¬G traffic accident ¨Æ¬Gì¦] accident cause ³æì¦]¨Æ¬G single event accident ¦hì¦]¨Æ¬G multiple event accident ³æ¨®¨Æ¬G single vehicle accident ¦h¨®¨Æ¬G multi vehicle accident ¦º¤`©M«¶Ë¨Æ¬G fatal and seevere accidenet §éÀY jack-knife ½¨® rollover ¤õ¨a fire ¾pÂ÷¹D¸ô run off the roadway ÅܧΠdeformation ¼²¨®¦aÂI crash site ¸ÕÅç³õ proving ground ¸ÕÅç³õ¦a testing site ¼²¨®¼ÒÀÀ¸Ë¸m crash simulation test set-up ¨T¨®¼ÒÀÀ¸I¼²·Æ¨®¸ÕÅç¸Ë¸m auto crash simulation test sled ¾À»Ù barrier ½¦¦XªO plywood ¤½ü»öªk fifth wheel method ²Ä¤½ü»ö fifth wheel method ¥ú¹q«Ì»Ù photoelectric barrier µo®g¾¹ transmitter ±µ¨ü¾¹ receiver ¶Ç·P¾¹ sensor ®¶¿º¾¹ oscillator ¼Æ¦rp®É¾¹ digital chronometer ¹qºÏ§ôÄæ»Ù eelctromagnetic beam barrier ³æ¶b¥[³t«×p uniaxial accelerometer ¤T¶b¥[³t«×p triaxial accelerometer ³t«×´ú¶q¨å«¬¤èªk typical methods of velocity measurement ¦h´¶°Ç®ÄÀ³ªk doppler effect method ¹B°Êªi wave in motion µø¦bÀW²v apparent frequency µo®gªiÀW²v emitted frequency Àô¹Ò¤¶½è ambient medium ¹qºÏªi electromagnetic vaves ¶Wµuªi¡]Íù¦Ìªi¡^ centimetric waves ·Lªi micrometirc waves ¿E¥ú laser ¼ÒÀÀ/¼Æ¦r¡]A/D¡^Âà´«¾¹ analog/digital converter(A/D converter) ¼ÒÀÀºÏ±a°O¿ý¾¹ analogue magnetic recorder ¼Æ¦r¦¡ºÏ±a°O¿ý¾¹ digital magnetic recorder ¯È±a°O¿ý¾¹ paper tape recorder ¼Æ¾Ú³B²z data processing Âoªi filtering ¼Æ¦r¤Æ digitalisation ¨ú¼ËÀW²v sampling frequencies ´TȤÀ¿ë²v amplitude resolution ¥ú¾Ç¼Æ¾Ú³q¹D optical data channel ¥¢¯u«ü¼Æ distortion index ¤ÀªR¨t²Î analysis system ±½´y®É°ò¨t²Î time-base ssytem Åã¶H²v imaging rate ¸ÕÅç¼Ð¹v test target ¹q¼vÄá¼vªk cinematographic procedure °ª³t¹q¼vÄá¼v high speed cinematorgrphy °ª³tÄá¼v¾÷ high speed camera ½¦¤ù¤ÀªR»ö film analysis system ½¦¤ùÁû²É grain of the film Äá¼v¾÷ camera ªøµJ¶ZÃèÀY long focal lengh lenses Äá¹³¼Ð§Ó photographic marks ¨®¸üÄá¹³¾÷ on-board camera °²¤H dummy ²V¦X«¬°²¤H hybrid dummy ¥é¯u«× biofidelity Hyge·Æ¨®¬[ hyge sled fixture ·Æ¨® sled ®y´È deceleration sled è©Ê®y´È rigid seat ®y´È½Õ¸`¾¹ seat adjuster ¤W³¡ÂßÅé upper torso °©¬Ö pelvis Áv³¡ hip ±a¬ù§ô¨t²Î belt restraint ssytem ±×Îتӱa shoulder belt (diagonal belt) ¸y±a lap belt ¤eª¬±a harness belt ¤ô¥¯Ý±a horizontal chest belt ¤TÂI¦¡¦w¥þ±a three-point belt ®y´È¦w¥þ±a seat belt ²G¤O§l¯à¸Ë¸m hydraulic 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·Å«×t²ü¸ÕÅç temperature load test µø³¥ vision field (visibility) ²´¾ò¶ê eyellipse ¾r¾pûµø³¥S³ò vision field of driver µø½u sight line ²´¾ò¶ê¼ËªO eyellipse template ²´¾ò¶ê¤¤¤ß eyellipse center ²´¾ò¶ê©w¦ì½u eyellipse locating line §¤¼Ð¨t coordination system(axissystem) µøı vision µø¥± sight plane µø³¥ vision field ª½±µµø³¥ direct vesion field ¶¡±µµø³¥ indirect vision field ³æ²´µø³¥ monocular vision field Âù²´µø³¥ binocular vision field ¨â³æ²´µø³¥ ambinocular vision field ©PÃäµø³¥ peripheral vision field Âù²´»Ùê binocular obstruction A ¥ß¬W A-pillar ®y´È°ò·ÇÂI seating reference point (SgRP) ¦³®ÄÀû¤Õ¶Z effective interpupillary width µø³¥ìÂI original points of vision field ÀV³¡Âà°Ê¤¤¤ßÂI¡]PÂI¡^ neck pivot point (P point) »öªí°Ñ¦Ò¥± reference plane of instrument panel Åã¥Üªí± display surface Âà¦V½L½ü½tª¼°Ï steering wheel rim obstruction Âà¦V½LÁԤοç±øª¼°Ï steering hub and spoke obstruction ¬£¥ÍVÂI©MPÂI developing V points and P points ¨T¨®µø³¥»Ùê vehicle visural obstruction µøÂI¡]VÂI¡^ vision point ( V points) ²´ÂI¡]EÂI¡^ eye point (E point0 ²´·ú§ë¼vÂI projected eye point ¤Wµø¨¤ upward angle of visibility ¤Uµø¨¤ downwards angle of visibility ¹qºÏÀô¹Ò electromagnetic environment ¹qºÏÀô¹ÒÝ®e©Ê electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) ¹qºÏ±Ó·P«× electromagnetic susceptibility(EMS) ¹qºÏ¤zÂZ electromagnetic interference ¹qºÏÄÌÂZ¡]²{¶H¡^ electromagnetic distrubance ¡]¹qºÏ¡^µo®g (eelctromagnetic )emission ¯¶±a¡]¹qºÏ¡^µo®g narrowband emission ¼e±a¡]¹qºÏ¡^µo®g broadband emission ±a¥~µo®g out of band emission ¹qºÏ¿ç®g electromagnetic radiation ¾î¦V¹qºÏªi¼Ò¦¡ transverse electromagnetic (TEM)mode ¤zÂZ·½ distrubance source «H¸¹·½ signal source µL¥Î«H¸¹ undesired signal ¤zÂZ«H¸¹ interfering signal µL½u¹qÀô¹Ò radio environment ®gÀWÄÌÂZ radio environment ®gÀW¤zÂZ radio frequency interference(RFI) ¨t²Î¶¡¤zÂZ inter-system interference ¨t²Î¤º¤zÂZ intra-system interference ¹qºÏ¾¸Án electromagnetic environment ®gÀW¾¸Án radio frequency noise ¦ÛµM¾¸Án natural noise ¤H¬°¾¸Án man-made noise ÀH¾÷¾¸Án random noise ÀR¹q©ñ¹q electrostatic discharge(ESD) ¯ß¨R pulse ¨R¿E¯ß¨R impulse ¦y®p¯ß¨R spike ¸s¯ß¨R burst of pulses ¯ß¨R¾¸Án impulsive noise ¯ß¨RÄÌÂZ impulsive distrubance ¯ß°Ê pulsating °òªi¡]¤À¶q¡^ fundamental (component) ¿Óªi¡]¤À¶q¡^ harmonic (component) ¹q·½ÄÌÂZ mains-borne distrubance ºÏ³õ field §¡½èºÏ³õ homogenous field ºÏ³õ±j«× field strength ±Ó·P«×ìHÈ susceptibility thresholds ¹q¬yª`¤J bulk current injection (BCI) µL½u¹q¤zÂZ§í¨î radio interference suppression ÄÌÂZ§í¨î distrubance suppression ÄÌÂZ³õ±j disturbance field strength ÄÌÂZ¥\²v distrubance power §ÜÂZ©Ê immunity to a distrubance §ÜÂZ«× immunity level ¹q·½§ÜÂZ©Ê mains immunity ¥~³¡§ÜÂZ©Ê external immunity §ÜÂZ©Ê¹q¥ immunity level §Ü¶©Ê¸Î¶q immunity margin æX¸ô®| coupling path ¦aæX¤zÂZ earth-coupled interference ÀW²vÅTÀ³ frequency response ÀW²v¯Å³W®æ frequency step sizes ½Õ´T amplitude modulation (AM) ¥¿©¶ªi½Õ´T sine-wave amplitude modulation ¬Æ°ªÀW very high frequency (VHF) ¶W°ªÀW ultra-high frequency (UHF) µL½Õ¿Ó 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