|
|
|
|
¨T¨®µü¶×ªí¤T
|
Âà»O³y«¬¾÷ turntable molding machine ®ð°Ê¾_¹ê³y«¬¾÷ air jarring moulding machine ¦³½c³y«¬¾÷ box molding machine À£Å±¾÷ die casting machine ¼ö«ÇÀ£Å±¾÷ hot-chamber die casting machine ºD©Ê¸¨¬â¾÷ inertia knock-out grid ¼å¥] ladle ¼åª`¾÷ cating machine ¨R¤ÑÄl cupola (cupola furnace) ¤ô§N¨R¤ÑÄl water cooled cupola µJºÒÄl coke-fired furnace °h¤õÄl annealing oven ¦^¤õÄl drawing furnace ¼Q¤Y¾÷ high pressure blasting machine ©ß¬â¾÷ sand throwing machine Â\½ü¦¡²V¬â¾÷ speedmuller ¦Û°Ê¤À½c¾÷ automatic box splitter ¦Û°Ê¦X½c¾÷ automatic closer ¦Û°Ê´ß«¬¾÷ autoclino ·°Ê¤u¨ã air tool Áë³y forging µL«¬Áë³y open forging ¤ôÀ£¾÷Áë³y hydraulic forging ¾÷¾¹Áë³y machine forging ¦Û¥ÑÁë³y flat-die forging ¦h«¬¼ÑÁë³y multiple impression forging §NÁë cold forging ÁèÁë¡]¦Û¥ÑÁë¡^ hammer forging ¥Áë horzontal forging ôèÁë upset forging ¾@Áë roll forging ¼ÒÁë die forging ¼ö¼ÒÁë pressure forging ¶}¦¡¼ÒÁë open-die forging ºë±K¼ÒÁë prescision drop forging À½À£¼ÒÁë no-draft forging §N©Ô cold draw ¼ö©Ô hot draw §NÀ½À£ cold extruding ¤ÁÃä trim §N¤ÁÃä cold trim ¼ö¤ÁÃä hot trim ¨R¤Õ punching ®Õ¥¿ straightening ªO®Æ¨RÀ£ sheet stamping ¨îËò blank Áë³y¤òËò forging blank ¤W¼Ò upper die ¤U¼Ò bottom die(counter die) ¤WÁèÀY top swage ¤UÁèÀY lower die ¨TÁè steam hammer µL¯z§¤¼ÒÁëÁè forging hammer without anvilbed ¼¯À¿Áè jump hammer ¸¨Áè block hammer ¤ô¥¤À¼Ò¡]¥Áë¾÷¡^ horizontal parting §NÁë¼Ò cold forging die «¬Áë¼Ò forging die ºë¾ã¼Ò forming die ³»Áë¼Ò joggling die ÁëÀ£¾÷ forging die ¤ôÀ£¾÷ water press ¥Áë¾÷ horizontal forging machine ¨T¤OÁëÀ£¾÷ steam power forging press À£Ås¾÷ bending press ¼ÒÁëÀ£¤O¾÷ drop press ¦±¶bÀ£¤O¾÷ crank press ¦±¬`À£¤O¾÷ knuckle-joint press ¤ÁÃäÀ£¤O¾÷ trimming press ¤ÁÂ_À£¤O¾÷ cutting-out press ºëÀ£¾÷ coining press ¾@Áë¾÷ forging roll ôèÁë¾÷ upsetting forging press ¼Q¤Y²M²z sand blast cleaning ®ø°£¤ºÀ³¤O residual stress relieving ¤ô¤O²M²z hydraulic blasting »Ä¬~ pickling ¶WÁnªi²M¬~ ultrasonic cleaning ¶WÁnªi±´¶Ë ultrasonic inspection ¨RÀ£ stamping ¨RÀ£¤U®Æ bar stock cutting by punching ¨RÀ£½u press line ¥Y¼Ò punch ¥Y¥W¼Ò punch-die ¨R¤Õ¼Ò piercing die ×Ãä¼Ò trimming die ¹wÅs¼Ò die for first-forming §áÅs¼Ò twisting die §áÅs¼Ò twisting die §áÅs¦¨§Î¼Ò twisting-forming die À£Ås¼Ò bending die À£Ås½Ãä¼Ò bending-flanging die À£«ó¼Ò flattening die À£¶ê¼Ò circular bending die À£Ås¨÷¶ê¼Ò bending-curling die À£ÅsÀ£µ¬¼Ò bending-beading die ¸¨®Æ¼Ò blanking die ¸¨®ÆÀ£¦L¼Ò blanking-coining die ¸¨®Æ¤Á¼Ñ¼Ò blanking-slotting die ÁY¤f¼Ò neckling die ½¤Õ¾ã§Î¼Ò hole flanging-sizing die ½Ã䦨§Î¼Ò flanging forming die ¤Á¼Ñ¼Ò slotting die ©Ô©µ¼Ò drawing die ¤U®Æ stock cutting ¶}¨÷ unreel ¦¨§Î forming ½Ãä flanging ¤Ï¦V©Ô¦ù reverse-draw ¾ã§Î restricking ¾ã®| trued ¤Á¤f cut-off (shear-out) ¤ÁÃä trimming À£«ó flattening À³ÅÜ strain À£²ª impression ©Ô©µ drawing ©Ô¦ù deep drawng À½À£ extrusion ºuÀ½ roll-forming ¨÷Ãä curling §éÃä edging ¨íÃä scraping ¤T«Ç²M¬~¾÷ three-stage cleaning machine ¤T°ÊÀ£¾÷ triple-action press §éÃä¾÷ edging machine ¶}¨÷¾÷ decoiling unit ¸U¯à²GÀ£¾÷ universal hydraulic machine ¾÷±ñÀ£¤O¾÷ mechanical press ®ð°ÊÀ£¤O¾÷ pneumatic press ¨R¤Õ¾÷ punch machine Ås¦±¾÷ bender ÅsºÞ¾÷ pipe bending machine ¾@À£¾÷ rolling press ºu¦¡ÅsªO¾÷ roll-type sheet bending machine ªO®Æ®Õ¥¾÷ sheet flattening machine °h®ÆªO stripper °ª³t´Î®Æ°Å¤Á¾÷ high speed cropping machine °Å§É shearing machine Âà¶ð¦¡¨R§É turret-type punch press ®Õª½¾÷ straightener À½À£¾÷ extrusion press ºuÀ£À½À£¾÷ hydraulic extrusion press ¨÷Ãä¾÷ folding machine ºëÀ£¾÷ coining press ¤W®Æ¾¹ loader ¸¨®Æ¾÷ blanker ·bµ·¾÷ thread rolling machine ºu°Å¾÷ roller shearing machine ²k±µ welding ¤Q¦r±µÀY cross-shaped joint T§Î±µÀY T joint ³æJ§Î©Y¤f single-J groove ³æU§Î©Y¤f single-U groove ÂùV§Î©Y¤f double-V groove K§Î©Y¤f double-vevel groove ÂùV§Î¹ï±µ±µÀY double-V butt joint Y§Î©Y¤fµõÁ_¸ÕÅç Y-slit crack test TIG«OÅ@²k tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding TIGÂI²k TIG spot welding ¥ß²k vertical position of welding ¤õµK×÷²k brazing by flame ®ðÅé«OÅ@¹q©·²k gas shield arc welding ®ð²k gas welding ®ð¹q²k electrogas arc welding ¤ô¤U²k±µ underwater welding ¤ô»]®ð«OÅ@¹q©·²k water vapor arc welding ¤ô¥¨¤²k horizontal fillet welding ¤â¤u²k manual welding ¤â¤u¹q©·²k covered arc welding ¥õ²k face-up bonding ¥¿±¨¤²kÁ_ front fillet weld ¥[À£®ð²k gas pressure welding ¥[À£Å±²k pressure thermit welding ªðײk rewelding ¦V¤W¥ß²k vertical up welding ¦V¤U¥ß²k vertical down welding ¥²k¡]Á²k¡^ flat position welding ÂI²k point welding Âù±²k weld from both sides Âù±ÂI²k direct welding Âù©·²k twin arc welding À£²k pressure welding ¦h¹D²k multipass welding ¦hÂI¥Y²k multiple projection welding ¦h¼h²k multilayer welding ©w¦ì²k tack welding §NÀ£²k cold pressure welding Àô²k boxing ¦Û°Ê²k±µ automatic welding ¦Û°ÊÂI²k stitch welding ¦Û°Ê®ð³Î automatic gas cutting µL®ðÅé«OÅ@¹q©·²k non gas shielded arc welding ¹ï±µ²k butt welding ¸É²k repair welding ²`·»²k deep penetration welding ºu¹ï²k butt seam welding ºu²k seam welding ºuÂI²k roll spot welding ¾î²k horzontal position welding ¾î¦V²kÁ_ cross weld ª÷ÄÝ·¥´k©Ê®ðÅé«OÅ@ÂI²k metal inert gas arc welding ª÷ÄÝ·¥¹q©·²k±µ metal arc welding ¹q²k eletric welding ¹q¤l§ô²k±µ electron beam welding ¹q¤l¥[¼ö×÷²k electric brazing ¹qªý²k electric resistance welding ¹q©·²k electric arc welding °ï²k bead welding ©Y¤f²k groove welding «Ê©³²k¹D sealing run ·f±µ²k lap welding ¿E¥ú²k±µ laser welding ¼ö²k hot weld ³æ±²k welding by one side ³æ±ÂI²k indirect welding ³æ¹D²k single-pass welding ³æ¼h²k single-layer welding ³æÃä¦hÂIÂI²k series spot welding ³æÃä¦h¹q·¥²k series welding ¥õ²k overhead position welding º²²k fusion welding ´ã©·²k argon arc welding ¸õ²k skip welding ´k©Ê®ðÅé«OÅ@²k inert-gas welding ®I©·¦Û°Ê²k unionmelt welding ºÒ©·²k carbon arc welding ½ö²k fire-cracker welding Á_²k seam welding Áë²k blacksmith welding ºÏ©Ê®ðÅé«OÅ@²k gas shielded magnetic flux arc welding ²k±µ¤uÃÀ welding procedure ²kºA as-welded ²k¹D bead ²k¦×P±K dense deposits ²k¦Z±j«× as-deposited strength ²k¹Dµõ¯¾ bead cracking ²kÁ_ seam ²k®Ú root of weld ²kªi ripple ²k³z complete penetration ¥¼²k³z incomplete penetration ²k®Ö nugget º²ºw droplet º²¼Å¤uÃÀ deposition techniques «rÃä undercut ¥h´í deslag ²k±µ¯Ê³´ weld defects ¤AÍPÅø acetylene cylinder ¤AÍPµo¥Í¾¹ acetylene generator ª`¤ô¦¡¤AÍPµo¥Í¾¹ water to carbide generator §ë¤J¦¡¤Aµo¥Í¾¹ carbide to water generator ¤AÍP®ñ²k¸Ë¸m acetylene-welding installation ÂI²k¹X spot welding head ¤T¬Û¾ã¬y²k¾÷ three phase rectifier welder ¤T¬Û§CÀW²k¾÷ three phase low frequency ¸U¯àºu²k¾÷ universal seam welder ¤â°Ê²k¬² hand torch ¤â°Ê²kºj hand held gun À£²k¾÷ press welder ¥æ¬y©·²k¾÷ AC arc welding machine ¦hÂI²k¾÷ multiple spot welder ¦h¯¸¹q²k¾÷ multi-operator welding set ¤Á³Î¾÷ cutting machine ®ð²~ gas cylinder «OÅ@¸n protective boot ¹q¤lºj electron gun ¹qªý¹ï²k butt resistance welding ¹q²k¾÷ electric welding ¹q©·²k¾÷ arc welding machine ¹q´í²k¾÷ electroslag welding ¥é«¬®ñ®ð¤Á³Î¾÷ template-type axy-cutting machine ©âÀY¦¡²k¾÷ welder with taps ¥õ²k¾÷ overhead welder ³æ¯¸©·²k¾÷ single operator welding machine ²¾°Ê¦¡²k¾÷ portable welding machine ²¾°Ê¦¡±µÄ²²k¾÷ portable resistance welder ²¾°Ê¦¡ÂI²k¾÷ portable spot welder »W¹q¦À¦¡²k¾÷ battery welder Á_²k¾÷ seam welder ¤j²kµ·½L large spool ²k¤u¥Î¬Á¼þ welding galss ²k¤u¥ÎÅ@¥ØÃè welding goggles ²k¤u¥Î±¸n helmet shield ²k§â holder ¤AÍP acetylene ¹q¥Û calcium carbide ¹q·¥¡]²k±ø¡^ electrode ¤âÒ\²k±ø dipped electrode ¦Xª÷²k±ø hastelloy electrode Âùªä²k±ø twin electrode Âù¼hÃÄ¥Ö²k±ø double coated electrode ¾÷±ñÀ£Ò\²k±ø extruded electrode ¥]µ·²k±ø flyspun electrode ²`º²²k±ø deep penetration electrode ÅK¯»²k±ø iron powder electrode °ï²k²k±ø surfacing electrode ºÒ·¥ carbon electrode ¾÷¥[¤u machining ¨®«d turn °ª³t¤Á«d high speed cutting ±j¤O¤Á«d power cutting ¦h¤M¤Á«d multi-tool cutting ²`¤Õ¥[¤u deep hole working °ª³tºëÃí high speed boringh °ª³tºu«d high speed hobbing ¥±»Ñ«d surface milling Ãí«d boring ©Ô«d broaching ¦¨«¬©Ô«d form broaching ³sÄò©Ô«d continuous broaching ¤À¼h©Ô«d progressive broaching ±À«d push broaching §S«d shaping (planing) ¿i«d grinding ¥~¶ê¿i«d cylindrical grinding ¤º¶ê¿i«d internal grinding ºÝ±¿i«d cross grinding ©P±¿i«d peripheral grinding ´¡«d slotting Ãê«d relieve ๫d drill ¾É¹q¿i«d electrical grinding µL¤ß¿i«d centerless grinding °ª³t¿i«d high-speed grinding ±j¤O¿i«d power grinding Ò²¿i honing ¬ã¿i lapping ¶Wºë¥[¤u superfinishing ¾¦±¥[¤u gear face machining ©Ô¾¦ broaching gear »Ñ¾¦ gear milling ´¡¾¦ gear shaping ºu¾¦ gear hobbing §S¾¦ gear planing «c¾¦ gear shaving ¬ã¾¦ gear lapping Ò²¾¦ gear honing ¿i¾¦ gear grinding À½¾¦ gear extruding ´¶³q«c¾¦ªk general shaving ¹ï¨¤«c¾¦ªk diagonal shaving ¤Á¦V«c¾¦ªk tangential shaving «c¹ª§Î¾¦ crown shaving ¬â±a¿i«d abrasive belt gringding ºuÀ£¥ú¥[¤u rolling finishing ³æ±¤Á«dªk single-side cutting method Âù±¤Á«dªk spread -blade cutting method ®i¦¨ªk¤Á¾¦ gear-cutting with generating method ¥é§Îªk¤Á¾¦ gear-cutting with form copying method ¦¨«¬´¡¾¦ shear-speed gear cutting ªáÁä¥[¤u splining Á³¯¾»Ñ thread milling Á³¯¾¿i thread grinding Ãí¤Õ boring hole »Ç¤Õ ream ?¤Õ counter sinking ºuµ· thread rolling ®Mµ· thread chaing §ðµ· thread tapping ±Û·¤Á«dÁ³¯¾ whirl wind cutting thread ¤ÖµL¤Á«d¥[¤u non-chip finish À½À£¥ú¥[¤u extrusion finishing ºë±K¥[¤u precision work ¶Wºë¥[¤u superfinishing ²Ê¥[¤u rough machining ¤Æ¾Ç¾÷±ñ¥[¤u chemical mechanical working ¹q¼ö¥[¤u electro-thermic working ¶§·¥¾÷±ñ¥[¤u anode mechanical working ¹q¯ß¨R¥[¤u electro-spark machining ¹q¤õªá¥[¤u electro-spark machining ¹q¤l§ô¥[¤u electronic beam machining ¹q¸Ñ¥[¤u electrolytic machining ¶WÁnªi¥[¤u ultrasonic machining ¿E¥ú¥[¤u laser machining ¿E¥úµw¤Æ laser hardening ªoº£ paint ±º£ enamel Ãwº£°Ï drain area ½Õº£ paint mixing ®ûÒ\ dip-coatng Ò\©³º£ priming ¸Éº£ paint repair ¼Q±º£ topcoating ¼ö¼Qº£ hot spray ¥´¿°¤l puttying ¦Ñ¤Æ weathering ¤H¤u¤zÀê artificial drying ¦ÛµM¤zÀê air dry ¤z¥´¿i dry grinding ¥hªo¡]²æ¯×¡^ degreasing جªk²æ¯× alkaline degreasing »]®ð²æ¯× vapor degreasing ¥hÂ÷¤l¤ô demin-water °£ù× derusting »Ä¬~ pickling ¤ô¬~ rinse ¼ö¤ô²M¬~ hot water rinse ¹qªaÒ\¼h electophoretic coating ¼Q¤Y³B²z shot blasting ¿i¥ú¡]©ß¥ú0 burnishing ¥X¥ú glaring ¸n¥ú glazing ÁC¤Æ¹w³B²z phosphating pretreatment Á¡½¤ÁC¤Æ³B²z thin amorphous phosphating Àã¸IÀã wet-to-wet ¶w¤Æ passivating µ²¥Ö²{¶H skinning °_½K wrinkling ¾B½ª masking ²D¤z flash off ®ð¹õ air seal ¼Qº£«Ç booth ¤z¦¡¼Qº£«Ç dry spray booth ¤ô¹LÂo¦¡¼Qº£«Ç water wash spray booth ¤U§l¦¡¼Qº£«Ç down draft spray booth °¼©â·¼Qº£«Ç spray booth of side exhaust ªoº£½Õ¨î«Ç paint mixing room ¥´¿i¶¡ scuff sand booth ³q¹L¦¡¯M¤z«Ç passing through type baking oven ¾ô¦¡¯M¤z«Ç bridge type baking oven ¿ç®g¹ï¬y¯M¤z«Ç joint radiation convection oven ®ûº£³]³Æ dip equipment ®ûº£¼Ñ dip tank ´`Àô¼Ñ recirculating tank ¦Û°Ê¼Qº£¾÷ automatic sprayer ¼ö¼Qº£¾÷ flow coating equipment ²Oº£³]³Æ flow coating equipment ¤â¤u®ûº£³]³Æ hand dip equipment µLªÅ®ð¼QÒ\³]³Æ airless spray equipment ¹qªaÒ\º£³]³Æ electro apparatus ¹qÒ\º£³]³Æ electrocoating installation ÀR¹q¼Qº£³]³Æ electrostatic spray equipment ¼Qºj spray gun ÂùÀY¼Qºj double head spray gun ªÅ®ð¼Qºj air spray gun ¦Q¨ã sling ±À±ìÄaÃì double-chain conveyer Äa±¾¹B¿éÃì overhead conveyer ªo¤ô¤ÀÂ÷¾¹ oil-water separator ªoº£½Õ¨îÅø paint mixing tank °£¹Ð¸Ë¸m dust collector ÀR¹q°£¹Ð¸Ë¸m electrostatic dust collector ³±·¥¸n cathode shiedl ¶WÂo¸Ë¸m ultrafiltration device ¼Q¬â¾÷ sand blasting machine ¬õ¥~½u©T¤Æ IR curing µµ¥~½u©T¤Æ UV curing ¹q¤l§ô©T¤Æ electron beam curing ¿ç®g©T¤Æº£½¤ radiation cured coating (RCC) ¥ú¿Ap glossmeter ¤ñ«p gravimeter Öß«×p viscosimetr ²Ó«×p fineness gauge «p«×p thickness gauge ¾B»\¤O´ú©w»ö cryptometer ¹qÁá electroplating ¹wÁá¡]¨RÁá¡^ striking ¨¾Áá¡]¤îÁá¡^ resist µLÙæ¹qÁá non-cyanide plating ¤Æ¾Ç¹qÁá electroless plating ®ð¬Û¹qÁá vapor plating ±¾Áá rack ¥Î°²³±·¥¹qÁá dummying ¾÷±ñ¹qÁá mechanical plating ®ûÁá immersion plating °hÁá stripping ºuÁá barrel plating ¹q¸Ñ¨I¿n electrowinning ²V¿B«× turbidity «I»k fretting «Iº{§@¥Î maceration ¿Ë¤ôªº hydrophilic ²¨¤ôªº hydrophobic µ¶¾®¾¯ flocculant ¥ú«GÁá¼h bright coating ¨¾»GÁá¼h coating for protection against corrosion ¨R¬~ flush ¥´¥ú lapping ©ß¥ú burnishing ºu¥ú tumbling Åܦâ tarnishing ¹q¸Ñ electrolysis ¨IÕàªk decantation §Ü·t³B²z anti-tarnish treatment §¡Áá¤O levelling power ²`Áá¯à¤O covering power »Ä¬~ pickling ÁC¤Æ phosphating Áá¾N galvanizing º}¥Õ whiten ¥X´³ÂI spotting out ¹qÁá¾÷ plating machine ¦Û°Ê¹qÁá¸Ë¸m automatic plating machine ª½½u¦¡¹qÁá¾÷ straight-line plating machine ±¾¦¡¹qÁá¾÷ plating machine held on racks ÄÁ§ÎºuÁá¾÷ oblique-barrel plating machine ·L«¬ºuÁá¾÷ portable plating barrel §N¤ô¼Ñ cold rinse bank ÂùÁp§N¤ô¼Ñ double countercurrent rinse tank ¹q¸Ñ¥hªo¼Ñ electrolytic cleaner Ũ¹]¼Ñ lead lined steel tank «¢ªL¹q¼Ñ haring cell ¼ö¤ô¼Ñ hot rise tank ¶WÁnªi¥hªo¼Ñ ultrasonic cleaning tank ®û»Ä¼Ñ acid dip tank ·Å¤ô¼Ñ warm rinse tank »®º¸¼Ñ hull cell Áá¾N¼Ñ zinc-plating tank ©T©w¼Ñ plating tank ¦^¦¬¼Ñ reclaim tank ¤ô¥¥þ®û¦¡ºuµ© horizontally fully-immersed barrel ¤»¨¤ºuµ© hexagonal plating barrel ¤ÕªO¬y¶qp orifie meter ¿B«×p nephelometer ®w¨Úp coulometer ºw«p stalagmometer ¨T¨®¨î³y³]³Æ manufactruing equipment of automobile ¸U¯à»Ñ§É universal milling machine ¤º¥~¶ê¬ã¿i§É inner-outer happing machine ¥é§Î¨®§É copy lathe Àsªù§S§É double housing planer ¤ûÀY§S§É shaper §ðµ·¾÷ threading machine Âù¬W§¤¼ÐÃí§É double pillar jig borer ºuµ·¾÷ thread roller ºu¾¦¾÷ hobbing machine à¹§É drilling machine ´¡§É slotting machine Ò²¾¦¾÷ gear honing machine ¥¿Å-๤¤¤ß¤Õ¾÷§É balancing centering machine ¦±¶b¨®§É crankshaft turning lathe Âù¤u¦ì¦±¶b¨®§É double-post carnkshafttruning blathe ¦±¶b¡]¥D¶bÀV¡^¨®§É crankshaft (main journal turning lathe) ¥Y½ü¶b¡]¶bÀV¡^¨®§É camshaft(journal )turning lathe ²GÀ£¥é§Î¨®§É dydraulic coping lathe ¥Y½ü¶b¥é§Î¨®§É camsahft coping lathe ¦h¶b²`¤Õà¹§É multi-spindle deep hole drilling machine ¦±¶b¶bÀV»Ñ«d±M¥Î¾÷§É crankshaft journal milling machine ¼Æ±±¦±¶b»Ñ§É N/C crankshaft milling machine Á³¯¾»Ñ§É thread milling mahcine ²y±½½±ì»Ñ§É cone-worm milling machine ªáÁä¶b»Ñ§É spline shaft milling mahcine Â๪»Ñ§É drum milling machine ±Û·¦¡¦±¶b»Ñ§É whirl-wind type crankshaft milling machine ¦±¶b¥D¶bÀV¿i§É cranksahft journal grinding machine ¥Y½ü¶b¿i§É camshaft grinding machine Á³¯¾¿i§É thread grinding machine ¬¡¶ë¾P¶Wºë¥[¤u¾÷ piston pin superfinishing machine ¼u®ºÝ±¿i§É grinding machine for spiral spring ¬¡¶ë¾ò¶ê¿i§É piston oval -grinding mahcine ¦h¬â½ü¥±¿i§É multiple abrasive wheels surface grinding machine ¼e¬â½ü¥~¶ê¿i§É wide abrasive wheel cylindrical grinding machine ½½±ì¿i§É worm grinding machine ¾a¼Ò¿i§É copy grinding mahcine ªáÁä¿i§É spline shaft grinding machine ¾¦½ü¿i§É gear grinding machine ¬¡¶ëÀô¤º¥~¶êµL¤ß¿i§É internal and cylindrical centerless grinder for pistone ring ¬¡¶ëÀôª×¶bÂùºÝ±¿i§É horizontal spindle double ended grinding machine for piston ring ¬¡¶ëÀô¥ß¶bÂùºÝ±¿i§É vertical -spindle double ended grinding mahcine for piston ring ¬¡¶ëÀô˨¤¿i§É piston ring chamfering grinding machine ª÷èÃí§É diamond fine boring machine §¤¼ÐÃí§É jig-boring machine ªáÁä¶b§N¥´¾÷§É spline shaft cold-striking machine ®ð¬ûÅé°¼©Ô§É cylinder block side broaching machine ®ð¬ûÅé±M¥Î©Ô§É cylinder block broaching machine ¥ß¦¡Âù·ÈªO¥~©Ô§É vertical double-apron external broaching machine ª×¦¡³sÄò¦¡©Ô§É horizontal continuous broaching machine ¬¡¶ë¥[¤u¦h¤u¦ì²Õ¦X¾÷§É multiple station combined machine for piston machining Â๪¦¡Âù±à¹Ãí²Õ¦X¾÷§É drum type double face drilling and boring combined machine ®ð¬û»\¥[¤u¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for cylinder head ®ð¬ûÅé¥[¤u¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for cylinder block ¦±¶b°Ê¥¿Å¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for cranshaft dynamic balance ³s±ì¥[¤u¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for connecting rod ¨T¨®¥D´î³t¾¹´ß¥[¤u¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for automobile final drive housing ¦±¶b¶Wºë¿i¾÷§É crankshaft superfinishing machine ¥Y½ü¶b¶Wºë¿i¾÷§É camshaft polishing machine ¦±¶b¶bÀV©ß¥ú¾÷§É crankshaft polishing machine ¥Y½ü¶b©ß¥ú¾÷§É camshaft polishing machine ª½¾¦À@¾¦½ü§S¾¦¾÷ straight bevel gear generator ©·¾¦À@¾¦½ü»Ñ¾¦¾÷ curve-tooth bevel gear milling machine ©·¾¦À@¾¦½ü»Ñ¤M½L¤b curve-tooth bevel gear milling ¤u¨ã¿i§É cutter grinding machine «c¾¦¾÷ gear shaving machine À½¾¦¾÷ gear burnishing machine Ò²¾¦¾÷ gear honing machine ª½¾¦À@¾¦½ü©Ô¾¦¾÷ straight bevel gear broaching machine ¬¡¶ëÀô¥~¶ê¶Wºë¥[¤u¾÷ piston ring superfinishing machine Ò²¿i¾÷ honing machine ®ðªù®y¬ã¿i¾÷ valve seat lapping machine Âù½L¬ã¿i¾÷ two-lap lapping machine ¦Û°Ê´«¤M¼Æ±±¾÷§É automatic tool changing N/C machine ¦Û°Ê§ó´«¥D¶b½c¼Æ±±¾÷§É automatic headstock changing N/C machine ¤u·~¥Î¾÷¾¹¤H industrial robot ¬â±a¿i§É abrasive belt grinding machine ®Õ¥¿¬¡¶ë«¶q¥b¦Û°Ê¾÷§É semi-automatic machine tool for correcting weight of piston ¬¡¶ëÀô¼u©Ê¦Û°ÊÀËÅç¾÷ automatic inspection machine for piston ring tension ²GÀ£¥é§Î¬â½ü׾㾹 hydraulic copy wheel dresser ²GÀ£¦øªA¹ï¤M¸Ë¸m hydraulic servo tool setting device ²GÀ£¸òÂܤ¤¤ß¬[ hydraulic traching center test Ãí¤M¿i·l¦Û°Ê¸ÉÀv¸Ë¸m automatic compensating device for boring cutter wear ¿i¶êÀ@¾¦½ü¤Õ©MºÝ±¥Îªº¥d½L chuck for grinding hole and end face of bevel gear ¹q±µÄ²¦¡ÀËÅ秨¨ã electical -contacted type detecting fixture ³s±ìºÙ«¥h«¦Û°Ê½u automatic line for weighting connecting rod ³s±ìºî¦XÀËÅç±M¥Î§¨¨ã special fixure for comprehensive detection of connecting rod ¦±¶bºî¦XÀËÅç±M¥Î§¨¨ã special fixture for comrehensive detection of crankshaft À£Å±¾÷ die casting machine °ªÀ£³y«¬¾÷ high pressure moulding machine Â\°Ê½VÀ£¾÷ oscillating rolling machine ¾¦½üºuªî¾÷ gearrolling mill ¬ûÅé¦Û°Ê³y«¬¥Í²£½u automatic moulding productio line ofr cylinder block ª×¦¡Áë³y¾÷ horizontal forging machine ¹qôè¾÷ electric upsetting machine ®|¦VÁë³y¾÷ radial forging machine ¾@Áë¾÷ roll forging machine ¦h¤u¦ì¦Û°Ê§Nôè¾÷ automatic multi-stage cold fromer ¨T¨®±q°ÊÀ@¾¦½ü²f¤õÀ£¼Ò die quenching of automotive driven bevel gear ¦±¶b¶bÀVªí±²f¤õ¾÷§É crankshaft journal face hardening machine ®ðÅ麯ºÒ¦Û°Ê½u automatic production line for gas carburization ¦±¶b°Ê¥¿Å¾÷ crankshaft dynamic balancing machine ¾¦½ü²f¤õÀ£§É gear hardening press ¨T¨®¥Î§÷®Æ materials used in auto manufacturing ª÷ÄÝ metal ¶Âª÷ÄÝ ferrous metal ¦³¦âª÷ÄÝ non=ferrous metal «ª÷ÄÝ heavy metal ¶Qª÷ÄÝ precious metal űÅK cast iron ¦ÇűÅK grey cast iron ¥Õ¤fűÅK white cast iron ¥iÁëűÅK malleable cast iron ²y¾¥Å±ÅK nodular cast iron ¦Xª÷űÅK alloy cast iron @¿iűÅK wear resisting cast rion @»kűÅK corrosion resisting cast iron §N¿EűÅK chilled cast rion ´¶³qºÒ¯Àµ²ºc¿û carbon structureal steel Àu½èºÒ¯Àµ²ºc¿û improved carbon structural steel ºÒ¯À¤u¨ã¿û carbon tool steel ¦Xª÷¤u¨ã¿û alloy tool steel °ª³t¤u¨ã¿û high speed steel ¦Xª÷µ²ºc¿û alloy structureal steel º¯ºÒºÒ¯À¿û carburizing carbon steel º¯ºÒ¦Xª÷¿û carburizing alloy steel ´á¤Æ¿û nitriding steel ½Õ½è¿û hardened and tempered steel ¼öªî¼u®¿û hot rolling spring steel §N©Ô¼u®¿û cold drawing spring steel ¶b©Ó¿û bearing steel ¤£ù׿û stainless steel @¼ö¿û heat resisting steel ©ö«d¿û free cutting steel ÂíÀR¿û¡]²æ®ñ¿û¡^ killed steel ¥bÂíÀR¿û half-killed steel ªmÄË¿û¡]¤£²æ®ñ¿û¡^ rimmed steel ¸N¿û boron steel ºÏ¿û magnetic steel ű¿û cast steel ³n¿û mild steel ¦h¼h¿û multi-steel ¥Äl¿û siemens-martin steel ³»§j®ñÂàÄl¿û Luft Dushe steel §N©Þ§CºÒµLÁ_¿ûºÞ cold drawing low carbon seamless steel tube Áá¾N¿ûªO galvanized steel sheet Áá¹]¿ûªO lead-covered steel sheet º¯¾T¿ûªO aluminied steel sheet ¤£ùס]@¼ö¡^¿ûªO stainless steel sheet ÂíÀR¿û§Nªî¿ûªO cold rolling killed steel sheet ªmÄË¿û§NÐÁ¿ûªO cold rolling rimmed steel sheet °ª±j«×©³¦Xª÷¿ûªO low alloy steel sheet with high strength §NªîÁ¡¿ûªO cold rolled thin steel sheet ¼öªîÁ¡¿ûªO hot rolled thin steel sheet ´î¾_´_¦X¿ûªO shock-resistant complex steel sheet ¶ì®Æ§¨¼h®øÁn¿ûªO multi-steel sheet with plastic plate »Ì»Ä¾N´_¦X¿ûªO complex steel sheet with chromate zinc ²`¨RÀ£¥ÎÁ¡¿ûªO deep drawing sheet µµ»É copper «C»É bronze ¤u·~¥Î»É commercial bronze ¼ô«C»É wrought bronze Áë³y«C»É cast bronze ¹]«C»É lead bronze ¾T«C»É aluminium bronze Âì«C»É nickel bronze Öº«C»É silicon bronze èp«C»É zirconium bronze Üg«C»É titanium bronze »Ì«C»É chrome bronze ÁC«C»É phosphor bronze ¿ø«C»É manganese bronze Öº¿ø«C»É silico-manganese bronze ¹e«C»É beryllium bronze Âð«C»É cadmium bronze ¶À»É brass ¼ô¶À»É wrought brass ¬õ»É red brass Öº¶À»É silicon brass ¿ø¶À»É manganese brass Âì¶À»É nickel brass ¿ø»É manganin ¹y¤Ú¶À»É tombac ±d»É constantan ¹]¦Xª÷ lead alloy ¾N¦Xª÷ zinc alloy ¾N¦Xª÷¿õ zinc alloy ingots ¶b©Ó¦Xª÷ bearing alloy §tªo¶b©Ó¦Xª÷ self-lubricant bearing alloy °ª¿ü¾T¦Xª÷Âùª÷Äݱa bimetal strip from tin-aluminium alloy ¿Nµ²¦Xª÷ sintered metal §ÎÅܾT¦Xª÷ wrought aluminium alloy ű³y¾T¦Xª÷ aluminium casting alloy ج¤g¤Ú¤ó¦Xª÷ alkali-earth babbitt ¹]°ò¤Ú¤ó¦Xª÷ lead base babbitt ¾T¦Xª÷ avional ¥Õ¦Xª÷ white metal ¥î¼w¦Xª÷ wood's metal §õ©¼«Â¯S¦Xª÷ lipowit's metal ¦]¬ìÂì¦Xª÷ inconel Y¦Xª÷ y alloy ¾TÖº¦Xª÷ silumin ¦@´¹¦Xª÷ eutectic alloy ´î¼¯¦Xª÷ antifriction alloy »ÌÂì¦Xª÷ chromel ¾TÂì¦Xª÷ alumel »X¤Dº¸¦Xª÷ monel ¹q¤l¦Xª÷ electron (dow metal) »´ª÷ÄݦXª÷ light metal alloy ¤¤¶¡¦Xª÷ intermediate alloy @»kÂùª÷ÄÝ anticorrosive bimetal ű³yÂùª÷ÄÝ cst bimetal °ª±j«×Áë³y¾T¦Xª÷ high strength duralumin ¶Wµw¾T superduralumin ¿û¤Æ¬Á¼þ hardened glass ¦³¾÷¬Á¼þ plexiglass ¾ó½¦ rubber ¤ÑµM¾ó½¦ natural rubber ¦X¦¨¾ó½¦ synthetic rubber(elastomer) ¦A¥Í¾ó½¦ regeneratd rubber f¤A²m»E¤B¾ó½¦ styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) ¤A²m¤þ²m¾ó½¦ ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) ²¸¤Æ¾ó½¦ vulcanized rubber ´â¤B¾ó½¦ chloroprene rubber ¦h¤Õ¾ó½¦ porous rubber ³n¾ó½¦ soft rubber ¶u-¤B¤G²m¾ó½¦ sodium butadiene rubber ¤B?¾ó½¦ nitrile rubber ?°ò¤B¤G²m¾ó½¦ nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) ®ü´Ö¾ó¥Ö spongy rubber ªoº£¡]Ò\®Æ¡^ paint ¨T¨®º£ automotive enamel ¨T¨®±º£ automotive topcoat ¨T¨®¥Î¼Qº£ automotive alcquer «Ê©³º£ seal coat ½K¯¾º£ crepon finish ¼Q©³º£ primer spray ¹qªa©³º£ electrophoretic primer Àô®ñ¹qªa©³º£ epoxy resin electrophoretic primer ÀY¹D©³º£ primer ¥½¹D©³º£ finish primer µv°ò©³º£ nitrocellulose primer ÁC¤Æ©³º£ etch primer µv°ò±º£ nitrocellulose enamel °ª¥ú¿A±º£ high gloss finish Á课±º£ hammer finish ¤G¹Dº£ second coat ¾T¯»º£¡]»È¦âº£¡^ aluminum powder paint ¨¾»kº£ anticorrosive paint ¨¾¦Ãº£ antifouling paint(copper paint) ¨¾ù׺£ antirust paint Ãw«Cº£ bituminous paint Àô®ñ¾ð¯×º£ epoxy paint ©³º£ priming paint ²¡º£ enamel paint ¯Mº£ baking paint @¼öº£ heat-resistant paint µ´½tº£ insulating paint µ´½tÒ\®Æ insulating paint ¬õ¤¦º£ red lead paint µo¥úº£ luminous paint @¤õº£ nonflammable paint ×ôîǺ£ phenolic paint ¾ð¯×º£ resin paint ¤A²m°ò¾ð¯×º£ vinyl resin paint ¤ô½¦Ò\®Æ water paint ¹]¥Õº£ white lead paint ¾N¥Õº£ white zinc paint ²Mº£ varnish ¸n¥ú²Mº£ finish varnish ¤ô©Ê¿°¤l water base filler ªo©Ê¿°¤l oil-base filler Àô®ñ¿°¤l epoxy resin filler µv¤Æ¿°¤l nitrocellulose filler ®ò°ò¿°¤l amino-filler ¤ô©ÊÒ\®Æ water borne coating ¶§Â÷¤l«¬¹qªaÒ\®Æ cation electrophoretic coating ³±Â÷¤l«¬¹qªaÒ\®Æ anion electrophoretic coating @ªoÒ\®Æ oil resistant coating @»ÄÒ\®Æ acid-prrof coating ¯SºØÒ\®Æ special coating ¯»¥¼Ò\®Æ powder coating ¨¾¾`Ò\®Æ fungus proof paint ¨¾ù×Ò\®Æ rust-preventing coating ªí±¬¡©Ê¾¯ surfactant ®øªw¾¯ antifoaming agent ¨¾Án½¦ deadener ²æ½¦¾¯ glue stripper ²æº£¾¯ paint stripper ¾ð¯×¡]¾ð½¦¡^ resin ¦X¦¨¾ð¯× synthetic resin ¤H³y¾ð½¦ artificial resin ¾ð½¦¯× gum resin ¾ð¯×Ößµ²¾¯ resinoid bond °Êª«½¦ gelatin ¤þ¶¥¡]¤£·»¡^×ôîǾð¯× resite ¤A¶¥¡]¥b·»¡^×ôîǾð¯× resitol ¥Ò¶¥¡]¥i·»¡^×ôîǾð¯× resol »E¤þ²m polypropylene(PP) »E¥ÒîÇ polyformaldehyde(POM) »E´â¤A²m polyvinyl chloride(PVC) »Ef¤A²m polystyrene(PS) »EºÒ»Äà polycarbonate(PC) »E¤A²m polyethylene(PE) »E?Ói polyamide(PA) »E? polysulfone(PSF) ABS ¦@»EÅé acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene polymer »E®òà polyurethane(PU) »Eà polyester ×ôîǾð¯× phenolric resin(PF) Àô®ñ¾ð¯× epoxy resin(EP) ¶ì®Æ plastics ×ô¶ì®Æ phenola plastics ®ò°ò¶ì®Æ amino plastics ¾L»ÄÅÖºû¶ì®Æ acetate fiber plastics »E´â¤A²m¶ì®Æ vinylene chloride plastics ªwªj¶ì®Æ foam plastics ª`®g¦¨«¬¶ì®Æ injected-formative plastics ¬Á¼þÅÖºû¼W±j¶ì®Æ glass-fiber reinforced plastics ºÒÅÖºû¼W±j¶ì®Æ carbon-fiber reinforced plastics ¦h¤Õ¶ì®Æ¡]ªwªj¶ì®Æ¡^ expanded plastics ¼ö¶ì¶ì®Æ thermoplastic plastics ¼ö©T©Ê¶ì®Æ thermosetting plastics ¥§Às nylon ¯Â®Æ virgin material ÖߦX¾¯ binder ½¦¥¬ rubberized cloth ¬Á¼þ¥¬ glass cloth ¤H³y² leatherette ¼Ì¸£ camphor ¡]®ñ¤Æ¡^Öº½¦ silica gel ¥Û»I gypsum ¤ìÅÖºû wood pulp ¤Ú©Ô¶ð¾ð½¦ balata ½¦¤ì¡]¹q¤ì¡^ bakelite ¥¬¯¾¯È wove paper Äú wax ÄHÄú spermaceti ¸ÁÄú beeswax ¤H³y½¦² artificial leather ¤ò¬Á¼þ ground glass ¥Í¥Ö raw hide ¹¨¥Ö chamois ¾L»ÄÅÖºû¡]¯×¡^ cellulose acetate ÁÉíi×ô cellophane ÁÉíi¯_ celluloid ¤òÀÖ felt ²Ê¤òÀÖ rough felt ²Ê¦Ï¤ò rough wool ¤H³y¦Ï¤ò artificial wool ¥Û´Ö asbestos ¥Û´Ö¥¬ asbestos linen ¥Û´ÖÅÖºû asbestos fiber ¥Û´Ö±a asbestos band ¥Û´Ö¯È asbestos paper ¥Û´ÖªO asbestos board ¥Û´Ö´ª« asbestos web ¥Û´Ö¿û¤ù asbestos steel leaf ³n¤ì cork ¨¾¤ô¯ÈªO impermeable carton Ũ¹Ô¯È packing paper ÅÖºû¯ÈªO fiber carton ¥Ë·«¯È crimp paper ½¦ªd cement gum ½¦ glue(gum) Âν¦ shellac ¥Ö½¦ hide glue °©½¦ bone gum ½¦¨Å latex ·»¾¯ solvent àÃþ·»¾¯ esters solvent à¬Ãþ·»¾¯ ketones solvent ¾JÃþ·»¾¯ alcohols solvent îÅÃþ·»¾¯ ether solvent ·»¦X·»¾¯ blend solvent ²M¬~¾¯ wash solution ¤ý¤ô aqua regia ¤ô¬Á¼þ sodium silicate ¥ÕÅK galvanized iron ¹q¸Ñ²G electrolyte ¶§·¥¹q¸Ñ²G anolyte ³±·¥¹q¸Ñ²G catholyte ¤À´²¾¯ dispersing agent ¥h«¯¾¯ detergent ¥ú«G¾¯ brightener ¨¾»G¾¯ aseptic ²K¥[¾¯ additon agent ªý»k¾¯ inhibitor ÆQ»Ä hydrochloric acid ²¸»Ä sulfuric acid ²¸»Ä¨ÈÅK ferrisulphas ¥´¿i»I grinding paster ©ß¥ú»I polishing paster ©ß¥ú²G polishing agent ¼ö³B²z heat treatment ª÷Äݼö³B²z metal heat treatment ²Õ´ÂàÅÜ structrue tranformation §ÎÅܼö³B²z ausforming éw¤Æ³B²z stabilization treatment ¹w³Æ¼ö³B²z preparing heat treatment ³Ì²×¼ö³B²z finish heat treatment ª÷ÄÝªí±±j¤Æ³B²z metal case hardening ¯uªÅ¼ö³B²z vacuum heat treatment ¤Æ¾Ç¼ö³B²z chemical -heat treatment §¹¥þ°h¤õ complete annealing ¤£§¹¥þ°h¤õ imncomplete annealing µ¥·Å°h¤õ isothermal annealing ¦Aµ²´¹°h¤õ recrystallizational annealing §C·Å°h¤õ low temperature annealing ÂX´²°h¤õ diffusion annealing ²y¤Æ°h¤õ shpheroidizing annealing µ¥·ÅÂàÅÜ isothermal transformation ¥¿¤õ normalizing ²f¤õ hardening ³æ²G²f¤õ one-liquid hardening Âù²G²f¤õ two-liquid hardening ¤À¯Å²f¤õ marquenching µ¥·Å²f¤õ isothermal hardenning §½³¡²f¤õ local hardening ¼QÃú²f¤õ spraying hardening °ªÀWªí±²f¤õ high frequency case hardening ¤õµK¥[¼öªí±²f¤õ flame case hardening °ª·Å¦^¤õ high temperature tempering §C·Å¦^¤õ low temperature tempering ¤¤·Å¦^¤õ medium temperature tempering ¦^¤õ¯Ü©Ê temper brittleness ¦Û¨¦^¤õ self tempering §N³B²z cold treatment ®É®Ä ageing ®ñ¤Æ²æºÒ oxidation and decarbonization ¹L¼ö»P¹L¿U¿N overheat and overcrook º¯ºÒ carburizing ¯uªÅº¯ºÒ vacuum carburizing º¯´á¡]´á¤Æ¡^ nitriding ºÒ´á¦@º¯¡]Ùæ¤Æ¡^ carbonitriding (cyaniding) ³n´á¤Æ tufftride Â÷¤l´á¤Æ ion-nitriding Ùæ¤Æ cyaniding ¿E¥ú¼ö³B²z lasering heat treatmetn ®ñ¤Æ³B²z oxidation treatment µoÂųB²z blueing ÁC¤Æ³B²z phosphating »]®ð³B²z steam treatment º¯¾T aluminizing º¯¸N boronizing ²¸¤Æ sulphurizing ªí±©ß¥ú surface polishing ÁáÂмö³B²z plating and heat treatment ¼QÒ\ spraying Â÷¤l§ôª`¤J ion injection ¤Æ¾Ç®ð¬Û¨I¿nªk chemical vaporous depositon ª«²z®ð¬Û¨I¿nªk physical vaporous deosition ¼QÁá sputter ¹qÁá electroplate ½Õ½è hardening and high temperature tempering ¶´«× toughness ¬õµw©Ê red hardness ¯Ü©Ê brittleness §N¯Ü©Ê cold brittleness ²fµw©Ê¡]²f³z©Ê¡^ hardenability ª÷¬Û¾Ç metallography §»Æ[²Õ´ macro-structure Åã·L²Õ´ micro-structure §C¿·Ó¬Û macrography ª÷¬Û¹Ï phase diagram ¶ø¤óÅé austenite °¨¤óÅé martensite ¯]¥úÅé pealite ¨©¤óÅé bainite ÅK¯ÀÅé ferrite ¯Á¤óÅé sorbite ©}¤óÅé troostite º¯ºÒÅé cementite µÜ¤óÅé ledeburite Á{¬ÉÂI critical point ¥ÕÂI flake ´¹Åé¤j¤p grain size ¦Aµ²´¹ recrystallization Â÷ªR©Ê segregation ¦@´¹ eutectic ¼ö³B²zÄl heat treatment furnace ¥[¼öÄl heating frunace ¤À§åÄl batch furnace ¤Ï®gÄl reverberatory furnace ¹qÄl electric furnace ¹qªýÄl resistance furnace °¨¥±Äl box furnace(muffle furnace) ¤«¦¡Äl shaft furnace ªoÄl oil-fired furnace §|¦¡Äl low-shaft furnace ³sÄòÄl continous furnace ¯uªÅÄl vacuum furnace °h¤õÄl annealing furnace °ªÀWÄl high-frequency furnace º¯ºÒÄl carburizing furnace ·PÀ³Äl induction furnace ºu¦¡Äl roller hearth oven ·Ñ®ðÄl gas-fired furnace »O¨®¦¡Äl truck-loading furnace Äl§É hearth °h¤õ½c annealing box ²f¤õ¼Ñ quenching bach º¯ºÒ½c technical service ªo¼Ñ sump ¼Q¨F¾÷ sander ¼Q¤Y«Ç shot blast chamber µw«×p¡]¦^¸õ¡A¨v¤ó¡^ sclerometer ¨v¤óµw«×p shore hardness tester ¬õ¥~½u°ª·Åp infrared pyrometer ¨T¨®ºûÅ@ vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®×²z vehicle repair ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¨î«× system of vehicle maintenance and repair ¨T¨®ºû×©Ê maintainability of vehicle ¨T¨®§Þ³Nª¬ªp technical condition of vehicle ¨T¨®§¹¦n§Þ³Nª¬ªp good condition of vehicle ¨T¨®¤£¨}ª¬ªp bad condition of vehicle ¨T¨®¤u§@¯à¤O working ability of vehicle ¨T¨®§Þ³Nª¬ªp°Ñ¼Æ parameters for technical condition of vehicle ¨T¨®·¥§Þ³Nª¬ªp limiting condition of vehicle ¨T¨®§Þ³Nª¬ªpÅܤƳW«ß regularity for change of technical condition of vehicle ¹B¦æ¯Ê³´ operational defect ¨î³y¯Ê³´ manufacturing defect ³]p¯Ê³´ design defect ¨Æ¬G©Ê¯Ê³´ accidental defect ¨T¨®¯Ó·l vehicle wear-out ¨T¨®¹s¥ó¿i·l wear of vehicle part ¿i·l¹Lµ{ wear process ¥¿±`¿i·l normal wear ·¥¿i·l limiting wear ¤¹³\¿i·l permissible wear ¿i·l²v wear rate ¾÷±ñ¿i·l mechanical wear ¤Æ¾Ç¿i·l chemical wear ¼ö¿i·l thermic wear ¯h³Ò¿i·l fatigue wear »G»k©Ê¿i·l corrosion wear ¬G»Ù¿i·l failure wear ¬G»Ù malfunctioning Â_µõ breakdown ·lÃa damage §ó´«¡]¹s¥ó¡^ replacing À¿¶Ë scratching ¨í¶Ë scoring ÂI»k pitting Öߪþ adhesion «rÖß seizure ¿N¶Ë burning ¥Þ»k cavitation ¦Ñ¤Æ ageing ¯h³Ò fatigue ÅܧΠdeformation ¯Ê³´ defect ¨T¨®¬G»Ù vehicle failure §¹¥þ¬G»Ù complete failure §½³¡¬G»Ù partial failure P©R¬G»Ù critical failure ÄY«¬G»Ù major failure ¤@¯ë¬G»Ù minor failure ¨T¨®¬G»Ù²{¶H symptom of vehicle failure ·m®ð mixture robbery ¶æªo fuel fouling ½L¨® turning ¸¨® run way ¤u§@²Ê¼É rough running ¦¿U preignition ¦^¤õ back fire ¦Û¿U²{¶H dieseling (after run) Ãz¾_¡]Ãz¿U¡^ detonation ¤õªá¡]ÂI¤õ¡^Ãz¿U spark knock ¿U®ÆÃz¿U fuel knock(gas knock) ¤£µo¤õ¡]¤£ÂI¤õ¡^ misfiring ½Õ³t¤£¤Ã hunting ¹L«×°±¹y flat spot ½Õ³t¾¹¤u§@¤£¤Ã governor hunting ¦^¬y back flow ¦ê®ð blow-by µ}ÄÀ dilution Âo²M¾¹ªý¶ë clogged filter ¼í·Æ¶W¶q overlubrication ¡]®ð¬û¡^¤Wªo oil pumping ¡]®ãªo¼Q®g¨t¡^º¯º|ºwªo after dripping ¡]¿U®ð¨t¡^®ðªý vapor lock µ²½¦ gum deposit ºV¬û knock ©Ô¬û cylinder score «r¬û cylinder sticking ¶bÀVÀ¿¶Ë journal score ¨í¶Ë scuff ©Ô¥Ë bearing score ¡]¤Æªo¾¹¡^¨TÀã²{¶H percolation ¤Æªo¾¹µ²¦B carburetor icing ¬¡¶ëºV¬û piston knock(piston slap) ¬¡¶ë¸È³¡À½«ó collapse of piston skirt ®ðªù®¼±ìµoÅT tappet noise (valve knock) ¨Tªù¼u®Ÿ°Ê valve spring surge ¡]»W¹q¦À¡^²¸¤Æ sulphation ¡]»W¹q¦À¡^¹L«×©ñ¹q over discharge ¡]¤õªá¶ë¡^¹]¨I¿n lead fouling ¡]¤õªá¶ë¡^¿nºÒ carbon fouling ¯uªÅ´£«e¥¢®Ä defective vacuum advance °ªÀ£½u¸õ¤õ¿ù¶Ã secondary wire crossfiring Âà¦V¤Ï¨R steering kickback Â÷¦X¾¹¬µµõ clutch explosion ¨î°Ê½ñªOµo³n spongy brake pedal ¨î°Ê½ñªO¶O¤O hard pedal ¨î°Ê¾¹µoÅT noisy brake ¨î°Ê½ñªO¹L§C low brake pedal ¨î°Ê½LÂ\°Ê disc runout ¨î°Ê¥¢®Ä brake fade ´î¾_¾¹¥¢®Ä defective shock absorber ½üL¿N¯Ó burn rubber ½üL«æ³t¿i·l peel rubber º}·Æ®ÄÀ³ hydro-planing (aqua-planing) ¡]¥Ñ¤_ºò«æ¨î°Ê¡^ºò«æ·Æ¦æ impending skid ·Æ¦æ
¥R®ð¤£¨¬ under -inflation ²§ÅT abnormal knocking ªnº| leakage ¹L¼ö overheat ¥¢±± out of control ¥F¤O lack of power ¦Ã¬V¶W illegal exhaust and noise ¶Oªo excessive consumption of fuel and oil ®¶§Ý fluttering ¬G»Ù²v failure rate ¥§¡¬G»Ù²vªºÆ[¹îÈ observed mean failure rate ¬G»Ù¾ð«¬¤ÀªRªk fault tree analysis ¨T¨®ºûÅ@Ãþ§O class of vehicle maintenance ©w´ÁºûÅ@ periodic maintenance ©u¸`©ÊºûÅ@ seasonal maintenance §Þ³N«O¾i technical service ²M¬~ washing §Þ³NÀˬd check-up «O¾i¨½µ{ service cycle ¨C¤é«O¾i daily sevice ¨¾Å@ preserving ¥V©u«O¾i winter check-up ®L©u«O¾i summer check-up ¨«¦XºûÅ@ running -in maintenance ¨T¨®×²zÃþ§O class of vehicle repair ¨T¨®¤j× major repair of vehicle ¨T¨®¤¤× medium repair of vehicle ¨T¨®¤p× current repair of vehicle Á`¦¨×²z unit repair ¹s¥óײz parts repair p¹º×²z scheduled repair ©w´Áײz regulation repair µø±¡×²z repari on techincal condition «Dp¹º×²z unscheduled repair ×´_ reconditioning ײz¨½µ{ mileage between repair ©î¶} separating ©î¤U withdrawing ©î¨ø disassembling ®Õ¥¿ aligning ¸Ë°t fitting «·s¸Ë°t reassembling ½Õ¾ã adjusting ³æ¿Wײz individual repair ¨T¨®³ø¼o motor vehicle liquidation ³ø¼o scrapping ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¤uÃÀ technological process of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºûÅ@§@·~ operation of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¤uÃÀ¹Lµ{ technological process of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®×²z¤uÃÀ technology of vehicle repair ¨T¨®×²z¤uÃÀ¹Lµ{ technological process of vehicle repair §Þ³NÀËÅç technical checking À˵ø inspection ¹s¥óÀËÅç¤ÀÃþ inspection and clasification of parts ¨«¦X¡B¿i¦X running-in §N¿i¦X cold running-in ¼ö¿i¦X hot running-in ײz¤Ø¤o repair size ¨«¡]¿i¡^¦X´Á running-in period ¨«¡]¿i¡^¦X¹Lµ{ running -in process ¨«¡]¿i¡^¦X¤uªp running-in conditions ¥[³t¿i·l´Á repriod of accelerated wear ·¥¶¡»Ø limiting clearance ¤¹³\¶¡»Ø permissible clearance ¸Ë°t¶¡»Ø assembling clearance ¨T¨®ºûפuÃÀ³]³Æ technological equipment of vehicle maintenace and repair ¨T¨®ºûק޳N¼Ð·Ç technical standard of vehicle repair ¨T¨®¶EÂ_ vehicle diagnosis ¨T¨®ÀË´ú detecting test of vehicle ¶EÂ_°Ñ¼Æ diagnostic parameters ¶EÂ_³WS diagnostic norms ¨T¨®ºû׺޲z admisistration of vehicle amintenance ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¤èªk method of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¬y¤ô§@·~ªk flow method of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºûÅ@©w¦ì§@·~ªk method of vehicle maintenance on universal post Á`¦¨¤¬´«×²zªk unit exchange repairing method ©PÂàÁ`¦¨ reversible unit ²V¸Ëײzªk depersonalized repairmethod ´N¨®×²zªk personalized repair method ¨T¨®ºû׫ü¼Ð indices of vehicle maintenance and repari ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¥Í²£ºõ»â production program of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºûץͲ£ºõ»â production program of vehicle repair ¨T¨®¶EÂ_©P´Á period of vehicle diagnosis ¨T¨®ºûÅ@©P´Á period of vehicle maintenance ¨T¨®ºû×µ¤¤u½ø¦¸ number of vehicles being received from maintenance or repair ¨T¨®¤j×¥§¡¦b¼t¨®¤é average days in plant during major of vehicles ¨T¨®¤j×¥§¡¦bר®¤é average days during major repair of vehicles ¨T¨®ºû×¥§¡¤u®É average main-hours of vehicle maintenance and repair ¨T¨®¤jתðײv returning rate of major repair of vehicle ¨T¨®¤p×ÀW²v frequency of current repair of vehicles ¨T¨®¤j׶¡¹j¨½µ{ average interval mileage of major repair of vehicles ¨T¨®×²z¤u¤H¹êª«³Ò°Ê¥Í²£²v labour productivity of repair man ¨T¨®ºûÅ@¥ø·~ enterprise of vehicle maintenance and repair ¨T¨®ºû׳õ¡]¯¸¡^ maintenance depot (station )of vehicle ¨T¨®°±¨®³õ¡]®w¡^ park ¨T¨®×²z¼t vehicle repair plant ¨T¨®Á`¦¨×²z¼t unit repair plant for vehicle ¨T¨®¶EÂ_¯¸ vehicle diagnostic station ¨T¨®ÀË´ú¯¸ detecting test station of vehicle ¨T¨®ºû׺ôÂI network of vehicle maintenance and repair ¨T¨®ºûפu¨ã©M³]³Æ instrument and device for vehicle maintenance and repair Á³µ·¤M screwdriver ªá§æ¤â ring spanner ¾V¤M file ÂùÀY§æ¤â double-ended spanner ÃU³½¹X combinaton pliers ½üLÁ³®ê§æ¤â wheel wrench «p«×³W feeler gauge ±ì¦¡®ð¬û¶q³W bar-type cylinder gauge ®ð¬ûÀ£¤Oªí cylinder compression gauge ¬¡¶ë»O¹X piston vice ¬¡¶ë¥[¼ö¾¹ piston heater ¬¡¶ëÀô¤u¨ã piston ring tool ¬¡¶ëÀô¹X¡]¬¡¶ëÀô©î¸Ë¹X¡^ piston ring plier(piston ring tongs) À£Àô¾¹ piston ring compressor ªá¶ëÀô¾V piston ring file ¬¡¶ë¾P©Ô¾¹ piston-pin extractor ³s±ìÁB¥¿¾¹ connecting rod alignment fixture ®ðªù®y¤M¨ã valve seat cutter ®ðªù¼u®À£ÁY¾¹ valve spring compressor ®ðªù¬ã¿i¤u¨ã valve grinding tool ( valve lapper) ½Õ¾ã®ðªù¶¡»Ø§æ¤â tappet wrench ¯B¤l«Ç²G±»ö float level gauge ª[ºÞÀ£¤Oªí manifold pressure gauge set ÂI¤õ¥¿®É¿O¡]¥¿®ÉÆ[´ú¿O¡^ ignition timing light (stroboscope) ¿U¿N¤ÀªR»ö combusion teste Â_¹q¾¹Ä²ÂI³¬¦X¨¤ dwell meter ¤õªá¶ë¶¡»Ø¶q³W plug gap gauge ¤õªá¶ë®Mµ©§æ¤â spark plug box(socket)spanner »W¹q¦À²GÅé¤ñ²Öp battery hydrometer ¨T¨®¬[ car stand (jack stand) ½ü¶b¬[ axle stand «e§ô¶q¤Ø toe-in gauge ¥~¶É´ú¶q¾¹ camber gauge ¨î°Ê½ñªOÀ£¤U¾¹ brake depresor ¨î°Ê¾¹©ñ®ð³nºÞ hose for brake bleeding ¨®¬[¶q³W frame gauge ½üÁÔ©î¨ø¾¹ hub puller ¨®½ü©î¨ø¾¹ wheel wrench ©î¸Ë½üL¥Î¼À§þ tire-lever ¥´®ðµ© tire pump Á³±Û¤d¤ç³» screw jack ½üLÀ£¤Op presure gauge ªo³ý oil can ¤âªo¬¦ manual fuel pump ¶Àªoºj grease gun °_°Ê·n§â starting crank ¤u¨ã³U tool bag ¨®¨×¾ã¤u¨ã body bumping tool µo°Ê¾÷´ú¥\¾÷ engine dynamomete µo°Ê¾÷ºî¦X¸ÕÅç¾÷ engine analyzer µo°Ê¾÷¥Üªi¾¹ engine scope(oscillograph0 ¹q¤l¶EÂ_¦¡µo°Ê¾÷¸ÕÅç»ö electronic -diagnostis engine tester ºuµ©¦¡´ú¥\¸ÕÅç»O roller type dynamometer (test bed0 µo°Ê¾÷¥[³t´ú¥\»ö free acceleraton engine tester ®e¿n¦¡ªo¯Óp volumetric fuel meter ¿U¿N¡]¼o®ð¡^¤ÀªR»ö combustion teste ¬õ¥~½u¼o®ð¤ÀªR»ö infrared rays exhaust gas analyzer ²§ÅT¶EÂ_»ö abnormal engine noise diagnosis equipment ®ð¬ûº|®ð²vÀËÅç»ö cylinder leak tester µo°Ê¾÷¤ÀªR»ö engine analysis apparatus ¶i®ðª[ºÞ¯uªÅ«×ªí intake manifold vacuum meter ®ð¬ûÀ£¤Oªí cylinder pressure gauge ½Õ¾ã¥Îªº¸ÕÅçÀË´ú»ö tune-up tester ©³½L´ú¥\¾÷ chassis dynamometer ©³½L¼í·Æ¾÷ chassis lubricator ¦±¶b½c«®ð¶q´ú©w»ö blow-by meter ¤Ï§@¥Î¤O¨î°Ê¸ÕÅç»O reaction type brake tester ºD©Ê¦¡¨î°Ê¸ÕÅç»O inertia type brake tester Âà¦V½L¶¡»Ø´ú¶q»ö steering wheel freeplay gauge °¼·Æ¸ÕÅç»O side-slip checking stand «e·Ó¿OÀËÅç»ö head light checking equipment ®ð¬û¤Õ««ª½ÀËÅç»ö cylinder perpendicularity gauge ¥D¶b©Ó®y¤Õ¦P¶b«×ÀËÅç»ö main bearing aligning gauge ²¾°Ê¦¡¨®½ü¥¿Å¾÷ portable wheel balancer ©T©w¦¡¨®½ü¥¿Å¾÷ wheel balancer ¨®½ü°Ê¥¿Å¾÷ dynamic wheel balancer Ãí¬û¾÷ cylinder boring machine ®ð¬ûÒ²¿i¾÷ cylinder honing machine ª½½uÃí«d¾÷ line borer ®ðªù×¾ã¾÷ valve reseater ¾P¤ÕÒ²¿i¾÷ pinhole honer ¦±¶b¿i§É crankshaft grinding machine ®ðªù¬ã¿i¾÷ valve grinding machine ®ðªù±¿i¥ú¾÷ valve refacer ®ðªù®y°¾¤ß¿i¥ú¾÷ eccentric valve seat grinder ¬ã¿i¾÷ lapping machine ¹q¤lÂI¤õ¸ÕÅç¾¹ electronic ignition tester ÂI¤õ½u°é¸ÕÅç¾¹ ignition coil tester ¦»ºÞ¤õªá¸ÕÅç¾¹ neon spark tester ¹q®e¾¹¸ÕÅç¾¹ condenser tester ¹q¼Ï¸ÕÅç¾¹ armature tester ¨î°Ê½L±M¥Î¨®§É disc lathe ¨î°Ê¿á¤ù¿i«d¸Ë¸m brake shoe grinder ¨î°Ê¹ª¨®§É brake drum lathe ¨î°Ê²G¦Û°Ê§ó´«¸Ë¸m brake flusher ¨î°Ê¨tªÅ®ð±Æ°£¾¹ brake bleeder «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q©M¨T¨®¹B¿éºÞ²z
«°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q urban public transport ¤½¦@¥æ³q¤è¦¡ public transport mode «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q¨t²Î urban public transport system ¤j¹B¶q«È¹B¨t²Î mass transit system §Ö³ty¹D¥æ³q rail rapid transit (RRT) ¦aÅK subway ³æy¹B¿é¨t²Î monorail transit system ««ª½¹B¿é¨t²Î vertical transit system À³«æ¤½¦@¥æ³q¨t²Î emergency pulbic transport system ¤½¦@¥æ³qÀu¥ý public transport priority ¤½¦@¨T¨®Àu¥ý³q¦æ¨t²Î bus priority sytem «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q¼Ð§Ó urban public transport sign ¤½¦@¥æ³q¤u¨ã public transport means ¤½¦@¥æ³q½u¸ô public transport line ¤½¦@¥æ³q½u¸ô³]¬I public transport line facilities ¤½¦@¥æ³q½u¸ôºô public transport network ¤½¦@¥æ³q¨®¯¸ public transport stop(station ) ¤½¦@¥æ³q°±¨®³õ public transport parking place ¤½¦@¥æ³q¼Ï¯Ã public transport junction «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q³W¹º urban public transport planning ¤½¦@¥æ³q½u¸ô¥¬§½ public transport network distribution ¤½¦@¥æ³q¯¸³õ¥¬§½ public transport yard and station arrangement «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q«È¬y¹w´ú urban public transport passenger fow forecast «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q«È¬y½Õ¬d urban public transport passenger fow survey «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q²¼»ù¨î urban public transport fare structure «°¥«¤½¦@¥æ³q¹B¦æ½Õ«× urban public transport scheduling ¤½¦@¥æ³q¤u¨ã¤Î³]³Æ public transportation means and device ¤½¦@¨T¨® bus priority sytem ¤p¤½¦@¨T¨® minibus ªø³~¤½¦@¨T¨® long-distance bus ®È´å¨® touring bus ³æ¨® single bus ³q¹D¦¡¤½¦@¨T¨® articulated bus Âù¼h¤½¦@¨T¨® double-deck bus §C¦aªO¦¡¤½¦@¨T¨® low-floor bus ¥X¯²¨T¨® taxi µLy¹q¨® trolley bus ³q¹D¦¡µLy¹q¨® articulated trolly bus ¦³y¹q¨® tram §Ö³t¦³y¹q¨® light rail rapid transit car y¹D¨® rail car ¨®¦C car row ¦C¨® train ¦a¤UÅK¹D¦C¨® subway train ³æy¨® monorail car ºÏ¹Ô¨® magnetic levitated vehicle ¦æ¤H¶Ç°e±a passenger belt ¨®´[ carriage «È¿µ cabin ¨®ªù service door ¦w¥þªù emergency exit ¨®µ¡ window ¨®³»³q·µ¡ ventilator ¦w¥þºÊµøµ¡ curb window ¦aªO floor ½ñªO step ¨®¤º³q¹D passage »Ç±µ¸Ë¸m articulated equipment ¥q¾÷®y´È driver seat ¼°Èû®y´È attendant seat ¼«È®y´È passenger seat §ß¤â handrail ¨®´[³»¿O roof light ªù¿O door light ªA°È»O service table ¼o²¼½c invalidated ticket box ¸ôµP Iine number plate «e¸ôµP front number plate ¦Z¸ôµP rear number plate °¼¸ôµP side number plate ¥X¯²¨T¨®¼Ð§Ó taxi sign ¨®´[ªÅ½Õ³]³Æ air-conditioning equipment ¨®¥Îª½¬y¹q«×ªí vehicle D.C kilowatt-hour meter ¨®¥ÎÂXµ¾÷ vehicle microphone ¨®¥Î¼½µ¾÷ vehicle broadcaster ¨®¥Îp¶O¾¹ taxi meter ¼«Èp¼Æ¾¹ passenger counter ¦Û°Ê°â²¼¾¹ passimeter ¦Û°ÊÀ˲¼¾÷ automatic ticket checker ¶°¹q¸Ë¸m power collector ±µ¦aÃì grounding chanin ¨®¤ºÐä°ª interior height ¨®´[³q¹D¼e«× passage width ¨®ªù¶}«× door opening degree ¨®´[¦aªO°ª«× floor height ¤@¯Å½ñªO°ª«× first step height ½ñªO¯Å¶¡°ª«× step spacing ®y¦ì¶¡¶Z seat spacing ¨®´[¯¸¥ß±¿n standing area ®y¦ì¼Æ seating capacity ©wû rated passenger capacity ³Ì¤j¸ü«È¶q maximum passenger capacity ¹BÀçºÞ²z operation management ¥«°Ï½u¸ô urban line ¥°Ï½u¸ô suburban line ªø³~½u¸ô intercity line ¦a±½u¸ô ground line ¦a¤U½u¸ô underground line °ª®p½u¸ô peak-hour line ±Þ©]½u¸ô day and night line ©]¶¡½u¸ô night line §Ö¨®½u¸ô express line ©T©w½u¸ô fixed line Á{®É½u¸ô temporary line ´åÄý½u¸ô touring line Àô§Î½u¸ô loop line °ª¬[½u¸ô elevated line ¤z½u artery ¤ä½u branch §éªð½u turn line ¥¿½u main line ¯¸½u siding ¬qºÞ½u section line §Ã½u branch line ¯S§O¥Î³~½u special line ³æ¦V¦æ¾p½u¬q one-way section y¶Z gauge ½Õ«×¯¸ control station ½Õ«×¤¤¤ß control center ¤¤³~½Õ«×¯¸ intermediate control office °_ÂI¯¸ origin station ²×ÂI¯¸ terminal ¤¤³~¯¸ stop(station ) ©lµo¯¸ origin stop §Ö¨®¯¸ express bus stop ©Û©I¯¸ request stop ©w®É¨®¯¸ timed stop ´«¼¯¸ transfer stop ¼Ï§á¯¸ junction station ´äÆW¦¡¨®¯¸ bus bay ªø³~¤½¦@¨T¨®¯¸ long distance bus sto ¥X¯²¨T¨®¯¸ taxi statio ¯¸¦W sto name ¯¸¸¹ stop number ¯¸µP stop board ©]¯Z¨®¯¸µP night-bus stop board ¸ô§O line number Ô¨®«F bus shelter °â²¼ÆU waiting room À˲¼¤f ticket entrance Åç²¼¤f ticket exit ¯¸»O platform ®q¦¡¯¸»O island platform °¼¦¡¯¸»O side platform ¦Û°Ê§ß±è escalator ´«¼°±¨®³õ park-and-ride place ¦h¼h°±¨®³õ parking lot ²o¤Þ¨Ñ¹q¨t²Î tractive power supply system ª½¬y²o¤ÞÅܹq¯¸ D.C traction substation õX½u feeder õX½uºô feeder network IJ½uºô trolly wire network ¨Ñ¹q¤è¦¡ power supply mode ¨Ñ¹q¤À°Ï power supply zone ¨Ñ¹qÁu supply arm ¤À½u¾¹ frog ¦}½u¾¹ trailing frog ¥æ¤e¾¹ crossover «È·½ passenger origin «È¬y¬y¦V passenger flow direction «È¬y passenger flow «È¬y¶q passenger flow volume «°¥««È¬y urban passenger flow ¥«°Ï«È¬y city passenger flow ¥°Ï«È¬y suburban passenger flow °ª®p®É¶¡ peak time «D°ª®p®É¶¡ off-peak time ¦°ª®p morning peak ±ß°ª®p evenign peak °ª®p¤p®É peak hour °ª®p¥D¬y¦V main flow during the peak period ¼«È passenger ´¶³q¼«È revenue passenger ¤ë²¼¼«È commuter «ùÃÒ¼«È passholder ¯dÔ¼«È remainder ´«¼¼«È transfer passenger ¥]¨®¼«È passenger chartered ¹H³¹¼«È violated passenger ½Õ¨® idpatching vehicle ½u¸ô¨® regular vehicle ³Æ¥Î¨® reserved vehicle ±M½u¨® special vehicle ¥]¨® chartered vehicle ¦æ¨®¤è¦¡ running mode §Ö¨® express bus ºC¨® local bus ª½¹F¨® through vehicle °Ï¶¡¨® inter-zone vehicle ¸ó½u¨® trans-line bus °ª®p¨® vehicle during the peak period ¥[¯Z¨® extra vehicle ©]¯Z¨® night bus ±Þ©]¨® day and night vehicle ¥X³õ¨® pull-over vehicle ¦^³õ¨® pull-in vehicle ¤U½u¨® off-line vehicle º¯Z¨® first -run vehicle ¥½¯Z¨® final run vehicle ¹B¦æ running ¥¿ÂI on schedule ¥¿ÂI²v on schedule rate ¦ÂI running hot ±ßÂI behind schedule À£ÂI decelerated run »°ÂI accelerated run ¦æ¨®®É¨èªí timetable ¹B¦æ¹Ï running chart ²¼°È ticket business ²¼»ù fare ¥þµ{²¼»ù full fare pµ{²¼¨î metered fare ¤À¬q²¼¨î sectional fare p®É²¼¨î time fare system ³æ¤@²¼¨î flat fare ²¼Ãþ fare ticket type ²¼»ù¨½µ{ fare-kilometre ¨®²¼ ticket ´¶³q²¼ cash fare ¤ë²¼ monthly ticket ¥«°Ï¤ë²¼ city monthly ticket ¥°Ï¤ë²¼ suburban monthly ticket ±M½u¤ë²¼ one-line monthly ticket ¾Ç¥Í¤ë²¼ student monthly ticket ³q¥Î¤ë²¼ general monthly ticket ¤½¥Î¤ë²¼ service monthly ticket ¥»²¼ ticket book ©¹ªð²¼ round-trip ticket ºÏ©Ê¤ë²¼ magnetic tickeet ¥N¥Î¹ô token ¼o²¼ invalid ticket ¬d²¼ ticket checking ¬d²¼
¸É²¼ compensation fare »@²¼ penalty fare ¨®²¼¦³®Ä´Á ticket validity time §K¶O¼¨® zero fare ¨T¨®¹B¿éºÞ²z transportation management ¹B¿é¨t²Î transportation system ¹B¿é·~ transport service(carrying trade) ¨T¨®¹B¿é¥ø·~ automobile transportation enterprise ¹B¿éºôµ¸ transportation network ºôµ¸³æ¤¸ network element «Ø¾ðªk¡]ºôµ¸¤ÀªRªkÀ³¥Î¨Ò¡^ tree building method ³ÌÀu¸ô½u optimization of route ¨T¨®¹B¿é¨®½ø vehicle of auto-transportation ¹B¿é°ò¦a transportation base ¹B¦æ¤è®× operation plan ¨®½ø§¹¦n²v coefficient of availability of vehicle ¥X¨®²v coefficient of utilization of automobile ©ì¹B²v rate of utilization of trailer ¥§¡¾·¡]«È¡^¦ì average tonnage (passenger seat) ¨®¾·¡]«È¡^¦ì²£¶q vehicle ton(seat )production ¹B¿é¶q transportation volume ¹B¿é¨½µ{ transport mileage ³fª«¹B¿é freight transportation ¶°¤¤¹B¿é centralized transportation ¤À´²¹B¿é decentralized transportation ¶°¸Ë½c¹B¿é container transport Áp¦X¹B¿é inter-mode transport ©w®É¹B¿é transportation on schedule ¾ã¨®¹B¿é transportation of truck-load ¹s¾á¹B¿é sporadic freight transportation ¥]¨®¹B¿é rent automobile transportation ¨±¦^¹B¿é round about transportation ¬Û¦V¹B¿é inter-transportation of freight in opposite direction «´_¹B¿é repeated transportation ¥Ï±¾¹B¿é transportation with dumping trailers ®È«È¹B¿é passenger transportation ³fª«¹B¿é goods transportation ¥«°Ï¹B¿é city transposrtation ¥°Ï¹B¿é suburban transportatiojn °Ï¶¡¹B¿é inter-region transportatin ªø³~¹B¿é long distance transportation ¤z½u¨T¨®¹B¿é truck-road transportation ³f¬y flow of freight ³f¬y¹Ï freight flow diagram ¹B¦¸ transportatin cycle ¨®¦¸¡]³æµ{¡^ trip(one way) ¹Bµ{¬q journey ¹Bµ{ voyage ©PÂà circulation ¸ü³f¦æµ{ loading mileage ¤£¸ü³f¦æµ{ no-loading mileage ½ÕªÅ¦æµ{ switching mileage ³fª«©P³ò¶q goods-circulating quantity ¾·¤½¨½§Q¥Î¨t¼Æ coefficient of utilization of ton-kilometers ¹B¿é¶O¥Î transportation cost ¸Ë¨ø¶O¥Î loading and unloading charge ¹B¶O²v freight rate ¹B¶Oªí freight tariff ¹B¶O³æ freight bill(freight notes) ¸ô³æ route-list ³f¥d card of goods p¥ó³fª« packing goods ´²¸Ë³fª« bulk goods ´¶³q³fª« common goods ªø«¬³fª« long goods »´ªw³fª« light cargo ¹L¹Ò³fª« transit goods ³fª«µo°eÂI dispatch point for goods ³fª«±µ¦¬ÂI receiving point for goods ¼Ð·Ç¥ó standard parts Á³®ê bolt Á³¬W stud ¤»¨¤ÀYÁ³®ê hexagon bolt ¤èÀYÁ³®ê squarehead bolt ¤èÀY¥Y½tÁ³®ê square collar-head bolt T§ÎÁ³®ê T-head bolt U§ÎÁ³®ê U-bolt ¦QÀôÁ³®ê eye bolt ¤ä¼µÁ³®ê stay botl ¤èÀYºò©wÁ³®ê square-head set-bolt ¤èÀY¥Y½tºÝºò©wÁ³®ê square collar-head set-bolt Á³°v screw ¤º¤èÀYºò©wÁ³°v square-socket set-screw ¶}¼Ñ¶ê¬WÀYÁ³°v slotted cheese-head screw ²y±¶ê¬WÀYÁ³°v fillister(raised cheese)head screw ¨IÀYÁ³°v flat(countersunk)head screw ¥b¨IÀYÁ³°v raised countersunk head screw ¶}¼Ñ¶êÀYÁ³°v slotted round head screw µLÀYÁ³°v headless screw Á³¥À nut ÂêºòÁ³¥À check nut ¤»¨¤Á³¥À hexagon nut ¶}¼Ñ¤»¨¤Á³¥À hezagon castle (slotted )nut ¤èÁ³¥À square nut ¶ê©P๤նêÀYÁ³¥À round nut with drilled holes in side ¶}¼Ñ¶êÀYÁ³¥À slotted round nut Ál§ÎÁ³¥À wing nut ºuªáÁ³¥À knurled nut ¶}¼ÑÁ³¥À slotted nut ¹Ô°é washer ±À¤O¹Ô°é thrust washer ÅÖºû¹Ô°é fiber washer ¥ú¹Ô°é bright washer ¶Â¥Ö¹Ô°é black washer ¥¹Ô°é plain washer ¤è±×¹Ô°é square taper washer ¼u®¹Ô°é spring washer ¤î°Ê¹Ô°é tab washer ¼u® spring ©Ô¦ùÁ³±Û¼u® extension coil spring À£ÁYÁ³±Û¼u® compresson coil spring À@§Î¼u® conical spring ¤ù¼u® plate spring Á³±Û§Î¼u® spiral spring ºÐ§Î¼u® disc spring ¶b©Ó bearing ´î¼¯¶b©Ó antifriction bearng ²y¶b©Ó ball bearing ³æ¦Cºu¯]¶b©Ó single-row ball bearing ¥~¶b©Ó outer bearing ¤º¶b©Ó inner bearing ±À¤Oºu¯]¶b©Ó thrust ball bearing ±À¤O¶b©Ó thrust baring ±K«Ê¦¡¶b©Ó sealed bearing ºu¤l¶b©Ó roller bearing ¼¸©Êºu¤l¶b©Ó hyatt roller bearing ¦V¤ß¶b©Ó radial bearing ¶êÀ@§Îºu¤l¶b©Ó conical roller bearing ®|¦V²y¶b©Ó annular ball baring ¾É¦V¶b©Ó pilot bearing ºu°w¶b©Ó needle bearing Âù¦Cºu¯]¶b©Ó double-row ball bearing ¶b©Ó¥~°é bearing cup ¶b©Ó¤º°é bearing cone ¶b©Ó®y°é bearing race ·Æ°Ê¶b©Ó plain bearing (insert bearing) ¹]ªí»É¶b©Ó lead-bronze bearing ¶b©Ó»\ bearing cap ¶b©Ó®y bearing saddle ¶b¥Ë bearing shell ¶b©Ó¶¡»Ø bearing clearance ¶b©Ó¹Ô¤ù bearing shim ¶b©Ó¦Xª÷ bearing metal ´î¼¯¦Xª÷ antifriction alloy ¤Ú¤ó¦Xª÷ babbit metal ¿ü°ò¶b©Ó¦Xª÷ tin-base bearing alloy ¿ü°ò¦Xª÷¶b©Ó tin-base bearing ¹]°ò¦Xª÷ lead-base alloy ¼åű¦¡¦Xª÷¶b©Ó moulded bearing metal ¿Nµ²¦Xª÷ sintered alloy ¯»¥½§Mª÷¶b©Ó powdered bearing µLªo¶b©Ó oilless bearing ¿U®Æ¡]¿Uªo¡^ fuel ¥Ûªo¡]ìªo¡^ petroleum(crude) °ò·Ç¿Uªo reference fuel ¨Tªo gasoline (petrol) ¤H³y¨Tªo artificial gasoline ¤ÑµM¨Tªo natural gasoline ª½ÃH¨Tªo direct distilled gasoline §C§t¹]¨Tªo low lead fuel µL¹]¨Tªo unleaded gasoline ¤A°ò¨Tªo ethylized gasoline ®ðÅé¨Tªo casing head gasoline ¿Uªo²V¦X®ð fuel mixture ®ãªo diesel fuel ·Ñªo kerosine ²G¤Æ¥Ûªo®ð liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) À£ÁY·Ñ®ð compressed gas µo¥ÍÄl·Ñ®ð generator gas §t¥Ò¾J°sºë methylated spirit ¥Ò¾J methanol ¤A¾J alcohol ¨¯ÖJÈ octane number ¤Q¤»ÖJÈ cetane number ®ãªo«ü¼Æ diesel index ¿Uªo¤ñ« fuel specific gravity ¿Uªo±K«× fuel density ¿UªoÃHµ{ fuel distillation range ¿Uªo»]®ðÀ£¤O fuel vapor pressure ´§µo©Ê volatility µ²´¹·Å«× crystallization point ¿BÂI cloud point ¾®©TÂI freezing point »]ÃH¸ÕÅç distillaton test ÃHµ{ distillation range ªìªmÂI initial boiling point ¤zÂI final boiling point »Ä«× acidity ¼í·Æ¾¯ lubricant ¾÷ªo oil «¤uªp¼í·Æªo heavy-duty oil ¶Àªo grease µo°Ê¾÷ªo engine oil ¾¦½üªo gear oil »Ä©Êºë·Òªo acid refined oil ¿ï¾Üºë¨îªo selective oil À£ÁY¾÷¾÷ªo compressor oil ·ÇÂù¦±½u¾¦½üªo hypoid gear oil ¾÷ªo²K¥[¾¯ oil additive ¶t°ò¼í·Æ¯× lime grease ¶t-¶u°ò¼í·Æ¯× lime-sodium base grease ¤Z¤hªL vaseline ¼í·Æ©Ê lubricity Ö߫׫ü¼Æ viscosity index ¾÷ªoÖ߫׸¹¼Æ¡]¾÷ªo¸¹¼Æ¡^ oil viscosity rating ¹B°ÊÖß«× kinematic viscosity °Ê¤OÖß«× dynamic viscosity ¬Û¹ïÖß«× relative viscosity §ÜÃz¾¯ anti-knock compound Ðä¤Æ¾¯ detergent ²M¬~¾¯ cleaner ¸Y¤Æ¾¯ thickener ªwªj§í¨î¾¯ foaming inhibitor ¨¾ªwªj²K¥[¾¯ anti-foaming additive ¨¾á¾¯ freezing inhibitor ¨¾á²K¥[¾¯ anti-freeze additive ¦h¥Î³~²K¥[¾¯ multipurpose additive §Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯ oxidation inhibitor ·d»G»k¾¯ corrosion inhibitor ºwÂI dropping point º¯³z©Ê penetration ®ñ¤Æéw©Ê¤Î»G»k©Ê oxidation stability and corrosiveness ¼Ð·Ç¤Æ standardization °ò¥»³N»y basic terms ¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¥DÃD subject of standardization ¼Ð·Ç¤Æ»â°ì field fo standardization §Þ³Nµo®i¤ô¥ state of the art ¤½»{ªº§Þ³N³W«h acknowledged rule of technology ¼Ð·Ç¤Æªº¤ô¥ level of standardization °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤Æ international standarkdization ¦a°Ï¼Ð·Ç¤Æ regional standardization °ê®a¼Ð·Ç¤Æ national standardization ¦a¤è¼Ð·Ç¤Æ provincial standardization ¼Ð·Ç¤Æªº¥Øªº aims of standardization Àô¹Ò«OÅ@ protection of environment ¼Ð·Ç¤å¥ó normative document¡D¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¾÷ºc standardizing body ¦a°Ï¼Ð·Ç¤Æ²Õ´ reginal standardization organization °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤Æ²Õ´ international standardization organization ¼Ð·Ç¾÷ºc standards body °ê®a¼Ð·Ç¾÷ºc national standards body ¦a°Ï¼Ð·Ç²Õ´ reginal standards organization °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç²Õ´ international standards organization Åv¤O¾÷ºc authority ¨î©w³W³¹ªº¾÷ºc regulatory authority °õ¦æ¾÷ºc executive autority ¼Ð·Çªº¨ó½Õ harmonization of standards ¼Ð·Çªk standard law ¼Ð·Ç¥ó standard part ¼Ð·Çª« reference material ¼Ð·Ç¾Ç standard learning ¼Ð·Çµ{§Ç standard program ¼Ð·Ç³e¹ý standard carrying out ¼Ð·ÇÄÖ´Á valid period of standard ¼Ð·Ç±¡³ø standard information ¼Ð·Ç±¡³ø¤u§@ information work of standards ¼Ð·ÇÅé¨t standards system ¼Ð·ÇÅé¨tªí standrds system table ¼Ð·ÇÅé¨tªíªººc¦¨ structure of standards sytem ¼Ð·Çªº¯Å§O levels of standards ¼Ð·Ç¤ÆÀÉ®× archives of standardization ¼Ð·Çªºµ¥®Ä©Ê equivalence of standards ªö¥Îµ{«× degree of adoption °Ñ·Óªö¥Î adopting by reference µ¥¦Pªö¥Î adopting by equation µ¥®Äªö¥Î adopting by equivalent ªö¥Î°ê»Ú¼Ð·Çì«h rules for adopting international standard ªö¥Î°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤u§@µ{§Ç work procedure for adopting international standards ªö¥Î°ê»Ú¼Ð·ÇºÞ²z¿ìªk admisinstrative regulation for adopting internatinal standards ªö¥Î°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç©M°ê¥~¥ý¶i¼Ð·Ç adoption of international standard and advanced oversea standard ¼Ð·Ç±¡³øºÞ²z standard information management ¼Ð·Ç±¡³øÀ˯Á standard information retrieval °ê®a¼Ð·Ç¤Æp¹º national standardization plan ¦æ·~p¹º sectional plan Àô¹Ò«OÅ@ªk environmental protection law ¥ø·~¼Ð·Ç¤Æ enterprise standardization ¥ø·~¼Ð·Ç¤Æ±¡³ø¤u§@ standard information work in enterprise ¥þ°ê¼Ð·Ç¤Æ§Þ³N©eû·| national technical committee for standardization ¥@¬É¼Ð·Ç¤é world standard day ¤¤°ê¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¦~ų CSBS yearbook ¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê¼Ð·Ç¤Æªk the standardization law of the people's republic of china ¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°êÀô¹Ò«OÅ@ªk the environment protection law of the people's republic of china ºî¦X¼Ð·Ç¤Æ integrated standardization ¼Ð·Ç standard ª`©ú¤é´Áªº¤Þ¥Î¡]¼Ð·Ç¡^ dated reference (to standards) ¤£ª`©ú¤é´Áªº¤Þ¥Î¡]¼Ð·Ç¡^ undated reference (to standards) ¼Ð·Ç¤åÄm¤ÀÃþ classification of standards document¡D ¼Ð·Ç¤åÄm¦¬¶° collection of standard decumnets ¼Ð·Ç±¡³ø«t¸ßªA°È advisory service of standard information ¤åÄm¼Ð¤Þ document¡Dnbspindexing ¥DÃDªk subject indexing method ±Ôµüªí¡]¥DÃDµüªí¡^ thesaurus ¼Ð·ÇÃþ«¬ type °ò¦°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç basic international standard ¬F©²³Wµ{ governmental regulation ¦hºØ»y¨¥ªº°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç multilingual international standard °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç international standard ¦a°Ï¼Ð·Ç regional standard °ê®a¼Ð·Ç national standard ¦a¤è¼Ð·Ç provincial standard ¤©¼Ð·Ç prestandard ¨ó½Õ¼Ð·Ç harmonized stndard ²Î¤@¼Ð·Ç unified standard ¬Û¦P¼Ð·Ç identical standard °ê»Ú¨ó½Õ¼Ð·Ç internationally harmonized standard ¦a°Ï¨ó½Õ¼Ð·Ç regionally harmonized standard ¦hÃä¨ó½Õ¼Ð·Ç multilaterally harmonized standard ÂùÃä¨ó½Õ¼Ð·Ç bilaterally harmonized standard ³æÃä¬Ý»ô¼Ð·Ç unilaterally alighned standard ¥i¤ñ¼Ð·Ç comparable standard ±j¨î©Ê¼Ð·Ç mandatory standard ±ÀÂË©Ê¼Ð·Ç recommended standard °ê®a¼Ð·Ç national standard ³¡¼Ð·Ç ministerial standard ¦æ·~¼Ð·Ç occupation standard §Þ³N¼Ð·Ç technical standard ¤º±±¼Ð·Ç inner quality standard ¥ø·~¼Ð·Ç company standard(enterprise standard) ¥ø·~ªk³W business law and regulation ¤Þ¥Î¼Ð·Ç quoted standard ±M·~¼Ð·Ç specialized standard °Ñ¦Ò¼Ð·Ç normative reference ²£«~¼Ð·Ç product standard ªk³W regulation ¦w¥þ¼Ð·Ç safety standard §Þ³N³WS technical specification ¹ê¬I³W«h code fo practice °ò¦¼Ð·Ç basic standard ³N»y¼Ð·Ç terminology standard ´ú¸Õ¼Ð·Ç testing standard ¹Lµ{¼Ð·Ç process standard ªA°È¼Ð·Ç service standard ±µ¤f¼Ð·Ç interface standard ¦³ÃöÀ³´£¨Ñ¼Æ¾Úªº¼Ð·Ç standard on data to be provided ¥b¦¨«~¼Ð·Ç semi-finished product standard ¥]¸Ë¼Ð·Ç packaging standard ¼Ð§Ó¼Ð·Ç standard of mark ¸É¥R©Ê¼Ð·Ç complementary standard ¤j®ð½è¶q¼Ð·Ç atomosphere quality standard ¤u¸Ë¼Ð·Ç tool standard ºÞ²z¼Ð·Ç admisistrative standard Àô¹Ò«OÅ@¼Ð·Ç environmental protection standard §Þ³N»¡©ú technical descriptioon ³Ò°Ê«OÅ@¼Ð·Ç labour protectig standard ³Ò°Ê½Ã¥Í¼Ð·Ç labour hygiene standard ¹s³¡¥ó¼Ð·Ç part-subassemble standard ¸ÕÅç¼Ð·Ç test standard ³q¥Î¼Ð·Ç general standard ©w©Ê¼Ð·Ç definitive standard «H®§¤ÀÃþ½s½X¼Ð·Ç standard for classified code of information ©Ê¯à¼Ð·Ç performance standard ¬F©²¼Ð·Ç government standard «ü¾É©Ê¼Ð·Ç directive standard «ü¾É©Ê§Þ³N¤å¥ó technical guidance document¡D¼Ð·Ç¸É¥R¥ó addition to standard ¼Ð·Çקï¥ó amendment to standard ªþ¿ý annex ®Ñ¥Ø°Ñ¦Ò¥Ø¿ý biliographical reference ¤åÄm®Ñ¥Ø bibliography °É»~ªí corrigenda ·s¤u§@¶µ¥Ø«Øij new work item proposal §Þ³N¬¡°Ê·s»â°ì´£®× proposal for new field of technical activity ¤Þ¥Î¼Ð·Ç reference to standard °Ñ¦ÒµÛ§@ reference works §Þ³N¹Ï¯È technical drawing §Þ³Nªk³W technical regulation §Þ³N³ø§i technical report §Þ³NÁͦV¤å¥ó technical trend document¡D¤u§@¤å¥ó working document¡D¤u§@¯ó®× working draft ²Ó«h instruction ×¥¿¯ó®× amended draft °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¯ó®× draft internation standard ¼Ð·Ç³ø§å½Z draft standard for approval ¼Ð·Ç³ø§å§÷®Æ standard materials for approval ¼Ð·Ç°e¼f½Z draft standard for examination ¼Ð·Ç°Q½×½Z draft standard for discussion ¼Ð·Ç½s¨î»¡©ú description for drawing up standard ¼Ð·Çªþ¥[»¡©ú appended description of standard ¼Ð·Ç©º¨D·N¨£½Z standard for commnet ¼Ð·Çªººc¦¨ constitution of standard ¼Ð·Çªº³æ¤¸ division of standard ¼Ð·Çªºµ²ºc framework of standard ¼Ð·Çªº¦¨¤À normative element ¼Ð·Çªºn¨D normative requirement ¼Ð·ÇªºS³ò scope of standard ¼Ð·Ç¤å¥óªº¤º®e content of normative document¡D³W©w provision ³¯z statement «ü¥Ü instructon «Øij recommendation n¨D requirement ¥²nn¨D exclusive requirement ¥ô¿ïn¨D optional requirement »{¬°º¡¨¬³W©w deemed-to-satisfy provision ±Ôz³W©w descriptive provision ©Ê¯à³W©w performance provision ¤@ӼзǤå¥óªº¥DÅé body of a normative document¡Dnbsp ªþ¥[n¯À additional element ¥Ø¦¸ content ¯Á¤Þ index ¤Þ¨¥ introduction ¥Ø¿ý list ¦WºÙ nomenclature ¬q¸¨ paragraph ³¡¤À part ³¹¸` section §Ç¸¹ serial number ¤À±ø´Ú subclause ¤À³æ¤¸ subdivision ªþ¥[¦¨¤À supplementary element «Ê±¡]¦WºÙ¶¡^ title page ¼Ð·Ç¹ê¬I¤é´Á date of standard implementation ¼Ð·Ç¥N¸¹»P½s¸¹ symbol and number of standard ¼Ð·Çªº´T±¤Î®æ¦¡ width and format of standard ¥Ø¼Ð object ¥Ø¿ý catalog ±Ôµü descriptor ¥DÃDµü
|
|
|
¡i¥´¦L¡j ¡i³»³¡¡j ¡iªð¦^¡j
|
¤W¤@½g¡G»´ä¬F©²¾÷ºcµü¶× |
¤U¤@½g¡G¨T¨®µü¶×ªí¤G |
|